CO 
CO 
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o 


THE  TOWERS 
CALIFORNIA  HOST  BUILDING 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

Being  the  Story  of  the  Woman  s  Board  of 

the  Panama-Pacific  International  Exposition 

W^hat  vision  ^  enthusiasm^  work  and 

co-operation  accomplished 

by 
ANNA  PRATT  SIMPSON 


SAN  FRANCISCO 
THE  WOMAN'S  BOARD 


Copyright,  1916 

by  the  Woman*  s  Board  of  the 

Panama-Pacific  International  Exposition 

San  Francisco 


DEDICATED 
WITH  LOVING  APPRECIATION 

OF  RARE  SERVICE 
•  TO 

MRS.  PHCEBE  APPERSON  HEARST 

AND 
MRS.  FREDERICK  G.  SANBORN 


32720! 


CONTENTS 

PAGE 

FOREWORD ix 

AN  APPRECIATION *     .     .  xi 

OFFICERS  .      .      .      .     * .:.  .; '-.',.      .      .    •. .. '."'.      .  xv 

OTHER  DIRECTORS  .     .    ..'.'••     *     »     •     *     •  xvii 

THE  CHAPTERS: 

i.  General  Organization  .     .     ...      .     .     V  i 

ii.  Honorary  Vice-Presidents  and  Honorary 

Members  .     .     .      .    '.,-...    .     .     »     »  18 

in.  California  State  Auxiliary      .     *     .     .      .  30 

iv.  Travelers' Aid  Work    .     .';...'.    ...  62 

v.  California  Building      .      .      .'   .      .     $$.  ||  85 

vi.  Entertainment   .      .      .     .     .      .      .      .      .  101 

vn.  Distinguished  Women 128 

viii.  Exploitation       .     .      •      -      •      •      •     •   v*  133 

ix.  Motherhood  Monument       .      .     .     .     .     .  146 

x.  Stockholders .      .      .      . 165 

xi.  Finance 175 

xn.  An  Official  Survey 184 

-Kin.  In  Conclusion 189 

[v] 


PAGE 


LIST  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS 

lowers,  California  Host  Building  (Frontispiece) 

Such  interesting  arcaded  walks  as  this  one  led  to  the  Cali- 
fornia Host  Building  .  ...  .  .  •  >.>••  .  .  7 

Mural  decoration  by  Florence  Lundborg  in  the  Auxiliary 

'Tea  Room,  California  Host  Building     .     .     ..     .     .       43 

Gold  Star  Badge,  travelers'  Aid  Society  of  California     .       67 

"Blessing  the  Flowers"  a  -painting  by  Orrin  Peck.  This 
piftitrCydone  in  the  real"Forbidden  Garden"  in  Santa 
Barbara  and  which  hung  in  the  Reception  Room  of  the 
California  Host  Building,  was  of  unusual  interest  be- 
cause of  its  counterpart  in  the  Patio  .  .  .  .  87 

Ballroom  of  the  California  Host  Building,  the  Exposition  s 
great  meeting-place,  where  representatives  of  every 
State  and  Nation  were  entertained,  where  all  the 
Dansants  were  held,  and  where  the  public  was  always 
happy.  The  administration  of  this  interesting  building 
was  the  responsibility  of  the  Woman  s  Board  ...  93 

Reception  Room,  California  Host  Building 103 

Motherhood  Monument, dedicated  to  the  Pioneer  Mothers 
of  California, in  its  Exposition  setting.  Done  by  Charles 
Grafly 149 

Woman '  s  Board  Room,  California  Host  Building,  where 
banquets, luncheons  and"  at  homes''  were  given  in  honor 
of  the  Exposition*  s  distinguished  visitors  .  .  .  .  169 

[vii] 


LIST  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS 

Looking  from  the  Foyer  to  the  Reception  Room  of  the  Call- 
forma  Host  Building,  where  the  rare  Gobelin  tapes- 
tries hung  187 

Portrait  Reproductions  Woman's  Board  of  the  Panama- 
Pacific  International  Exposition:  Directors,  Honorary 
Vice-Presidents,  Honorary  Members  and  County  Aux- 
iliary Officials 193 


FOREWORD 

In  recognition  of  the  bravely  useful  part  California's 
women  have  played  in  the  dreaming  and  the  making  of  the 
Panama-Pacific  International  Exposition,  it  has  been  de- 
termined by  the  Woman  s  Board  to  set  down  and  send  forth 
a  record  of  all  its  known  endeavors  to  that  great  end.  'That 
is  the  purpose  and  the  function  of  this  book. 

Woman  s  co-operation  in  other  world  expositions  has  nec- 
essarily included  an  accounting  of  funds  drawn  from  official 
sources.  That  is  not  the  case  with  the  Woman' s  Board  which 
helped  in  the  creation  of  San  Francisco's  Dream  City  of  1915 
and  in  bringing  it  to  a  picturesque  and  not  able  success.  This 
Board  has  faced  no  such  obligation  of  stewardship;  it  financed 
all  its  own  undertakings  as  well  as  those  undertakings  which 
it  cheerfully  assumed  at  the  request  of  the  Exposition  direc- 
torate. 

In  presenting  this  valiant  record  of  civic  service  the  Board 
has  in  mind  the  thousands  of  women  throughout  California 
who  contributed  to  the  great  enterprise  but  could  not  them- 
selves have  a  part  in  the  affual  work.  Likewise  there  are 
in  mind  the  men  and  women  everywhere  who  may  be  interested 
in  these  achievements  not  merely  for  their  intrinsic  worth,  but 
also  for  the  reason  that  they  bear  eloquent  witness  to  the  sue- 

[ix] 


FOREWORD 

cess  of  a  great  human  cause,  for  the  reason  that  they  are,  in 
some  sort,  the  first  fruits  of  woman's  emancipation  in  a  state 
newly  made  politically  free,  a  practical  thank-offering  of 
woman '  s  pride  and  woman  s  patriotism. 

"The  Woman's  Board  began  its  Exposition  work  without 
plans,  without  knowledge,  with  only  an  undefined  desire  to  aid 
and  serve.  Concluding  with  the  issuance  of  this  record,  its 
years-long  season  of  endeavor,  it  must  confess  its  own  sur- 
prise at  the  bigness  of  the  responsibilities  it  has  undertaken 
and  borne  to  fulfilment;  must  acknowledge  the  wisdom  of  a 
providence  that  veils  from  the  eyes  of  today' s  enthusiasm  the 
problems  and  pitfalls  of  tomorrow. 

In  the  high  confidence  of  ignorance  and  inexperience,  they 
of  the  Woman's  Board,  as  every  new  set  of  exposition-makers 
must,  pioneered  the  paths  that  led  to  their  share  of  a  grate- 
ful and  proud  sue  cess, learningmuch  while  they  accomplished 
much.  With  no  regret,  save  for  the  ending  of  a  task  to  which 
they  gave  the  best  they  were  and  the  best  they  had,  they  look 
back  upon  the  half -de  cade  of  unremitting  public  service  that 
is  their  contribution  to  the  citizenship  of  their  time  and  place. 


[x] 


AN  APPRECIATION 

The  Exposition  is  over,  and  now  blessed  memory  is  en- 
throned. The  exercise  of  that  memory  in  apportioning  credit 
for  the  Exposition* s  symmetrical  success  to  the  many,  very 
many  elements  and  agencies  that  brought  such  effective  con- 
tributions would  be  faulty  were  it  to  fail  to  recognize  most 
gratefully,  and  with  the  deepest  appreciation,  the  invaluable 
service  given  by  the  women  of  California. 

The  Exposition  has  been  properly  spoken  of  as  an  inter- 
national mosaic,  and  of  its  great  pattern,  vari-hued,  bril- 
liant and  charming,  no  portion  was  more  attractive  than  the 
colorful  part  furnished  by  our  splendid  women,  represented 
by  the  Woman's  Board  of  the  Exposition.  Earnestness,  in- 
telligence, unselfishness  and  public  spirit  went  into  the  foun- 
dation on  which  their  activities  were  built.  Organized  for 
helpfulness,  they  never  faltered  nor  demurred  how  ever  great 
the  responsibility  placed  on  them.  Appointed  by  the  Board 
of  Directors  as  official  hostesses  of  the  Exposition,  they  en- 
tered into  the  spirit  of  their  task  with  a  fine  and  discrimi- 
nating sense  of  the  duty  made  greater  by  California '  s  tra- 
ditional reputation  for  expansive,  whole-hearted  hospitality 
which  the  obligations  of  the  Exposition  brought  to  the  front 
as  never  before. 

[xi] 


AN  APPRECIATION 

It  is  not  easy  for  me,  much  as  it  would  give  me  pleasure,  to 
attempt  in  a  few  words  to  recount  the  variety  of  service  ren- 
dered by  our  loyal  and  helpful  women.  Those  having  knowl- 
edge of  the  accomplishments  of  the  Woman '  s Board could not 
have  their  high  appreciation  further  stimulated  by  words  of 
mine.  To  those  unknowing,  it  must  suffice  that  the  President 
of  the  Exposition  most  gratefully  here  expresses  official  recog- 
nition for  invaluable  services  rendered,  animated  by  high 
purpose  and  patriotism,  and  ornamented  with  cordial  good 
nature,  evident  good-will  and  international  kindliness. 

The  quality  of  materialism  in  all  of  us  must  realize  that 
greater  credit  for  great  accomplishment  was  secured  from 
the  fact  that  the  women  of  the  Board  financed  their  every 
responsibility.  Their  offer  to  the  Exposition  carried  with  it 
this  financial  obligation,  and  loyally  and  truly  did  they  meet 
the  letter  and  spirit  of  their  covenant.  It  was  a  remarkable 
thing  they  did,  and  they  did  it  well. 

For  the  personal  sacrifices  made  by  individuals  of  this  most 
worthy  group,  for  the  devotion  to  the  cause  represented  by  the 
Exposition,  for  the  high  ideals  that  controlled  such  offerings, 
for  the  loyalty,  cheerful  support,  constant  helpfulness,  all 
honor,  all  credit  to  the  Woman  s  Board,  their  associate  mem- 
bers, and  the  women  of  California. 

I  would  love  to  give  the  roster  of  names  deservedly  stand- 
ing high  in  the  list  of  those  who  accomplished  this  great  work. 
There  are  so  many  that  space  prevents;  but  I  am  sure  all  the 

[xii] 


AN  APPRECIATION 

good  women  who  contributed  such  notable  service  would  de-* 
sire  me  to  give  special  mention  here,  as  representative  of  the 
personnel  of  the  Woman  s  Board,  the  names  of  Mrs.  Phoebe 
A.  Hearst,  Honorary  President,  and  Mrs.  F.  G.  Sanborn, 
President,  two  gracious  women  whose  specific  work  and  good 
counsel  made  distinct  impress. 

'The  history  of  the  Exposition  will  bear  abundant  testimony 
to  the  Woman' s  Board  activities  and  its  influence  on  the  Ex- 
po sit  ion  generally. 

We  are  proud  of  our  women. 

CHARLES  C.  MOORE, 

President  Panama-Pacific  International  Exposition. 


[xiii] 


OFFICERS 

Honorary  President 

MRS.  PHCEBE  A.  HEARST 

President 

MRS.  FREDERICK  G.  SANBORN 

First  Pice- President 

MRS.  LOVELL  WHITE 

Second  Vice-President 
MRS.  I.  LOWENBERG 

Third  Pice- President 

MRS.  WILLIAM  HINCKLEY  TAYLOR 

Fourth  Vice-President 

MRS.  JOHN  F.  MERRILL 

Fifth  Vice-President 

MRS.  FRANK  L.  BROWN 

Sixth  Vice-President 

MRS.  ERNEST  S.  SIMPSON 

Secretary 

MRS.  GAILLARD  STONEY 

Treasurer 

MRS.  PHILIP  E.  BOWLES 

Assistant  Treasurer 

MRS.  EDWIN  R.  DIMOND 

Auditor 

MRS.  CHARLES  W.  SLACK 

[XV] 


OTHER  DIRECTORS 

MRS.  EDSON  F.  ADAMS 

MRS.  FRANK  B.  ANDERSON 

DR.  MARIANA  BERTOLA 

MRS.  FRANCIS  CAROLAN 

MRS.  AYLETT  R.  COTTON 

MRS.  JOSEPH  A.  DONOHOE 

MRS.  JOSEPH  D.  GRANT 

MRS.  REUBEN  BROOKS  HALE 

MRS.  PRENTISS  COBB  HALE 

MRS.  I.  W.  HELLMAN,  JR. 

MRS.  C.  EDWARD  HOLMES 

MRS.  JOHN  JOHNS 

MRS.  ABBIE  E.  KREBS 

MRS.  JESSE  W.  LILIENTHAL 

Miss  LAURA  LIVINGSTON  McKiNSTRY 

MRS.  ROBERT  OXNARD 

MRS.  HORACE  D.  PILLSBURY 

MRS.  GEORGE  A.  POPE 

MRS.  HENRY  T.  SCOTT 

MRS.  LAURANCE  IRVING  SCOTT 

MRS.  WILLIAM  T.  SESNON 

MRS.  MAX  C.  SLOSS 

MRS.  WILLIAM  S.  TEVIS 

MRS.  EDWARD  C.WRIGHT 

[  xvii  ] 


CHAPTER  I 


A 


General  Organization 


FTER  a  corporate  life  of  five  years,  the  Woman's 
Board  of  the  Panama-Pacific  International  Exposition 
concludes  its  active  existence.  As  an  organization,  it  met 
its  obligations ;  as  individuals,  the  members — earnest  and 
active — carried  to  successful  issue,  self-imposed  re- 
sponsibilities, both  financial  and  administrative.  In  the 
same  spirit  they  accepted  and  maintained  many  unex- 
pected obligations  coming  with  the  complex  develop- 
ment of  the  Exposition. 

Analyzed  in  the  closing  hours — the  elements  that  have 
contributed  to  this  record  of  unusual  accomplishment 
have  been  woman's  faith  and  intuition,  plus  a  measure 
of  business  knowledge  and  the  grace  to  ask  and  take 
advice  when  necessary.  Although  an  intimate,  co-oper- 
ative and  harmonious  part  of  the  Exposition  directorate, 
the  Woman's  Board  had  an  absolutely  separate  ex- 
istence. 

Both  in  its  organization  and  personnel,  the  Woman's 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

Board  was  quite  unlike  the  boards  of  "Lady  Managers" 
connected  with  former  world  expositions.  This  was  so 
because  of  the  status  of  the  Exposition  in  the  West.  All 
others  had  financial  aid  from  the  Federal  Government. 
San  Francisco,  backed  by  the  State  of  California, 
handled  all  its  own  problems. 

When  women's  participation  in  the  Columbian  Expo- 
sition became  an  issue,  representatives  of  each  State 
named  a  member  for  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 
This  courtesy,  accorded  by  the  directorate,  was  a  con- 
sistent compliment  to  the  men  who  had  been  instru- 
mental in  securing  financial  assistance  for  them.  The 
board  of  lady  managers  at  St.  Louis  was  composed  of 
women  from  many  sections  of  the  country.  Appoint- 
ments made  in  this  way  could  not  in  the  very  nature  of 
conditions  make  a  homogeneous  body.  Its  members  had 
to  travel  too  far  to  attend  meetings  to  enjoy  continuous 
participation  in  the  responsibilities  of  the  preliminary 
years  or  during,  the  months  of  specific  duty. 

In  California,  the  members  of  the  Woman's  Board 
belonged  to  San  Francisco  and  adjacent  counties.  They 
represented  the  greatest  variety  of  activities  and  inter- 
ests. These  women  gave  several  years  of  continuous 
service  to  the  great  project  that  needed  the  personal  and 
financial  aid  of  all  citizens. 

San  Francisco's  willingness  to  assume  the  tremendous 

[2] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

responsibility  of  a  world's  exposition  was  the  result  of 
a  well-considered  and  thorough  understanding  of  the 
work  involved.  Months  before  the  disaster  of  1906,  San 
Franciscans  had  decided  that  it  was  fitting  for  the 
metropolis  of  the  West  to  celebrate  the  completion 
of  the  Panama  Canal.  With  this  overwhelming  de- 
mand upon  citizen-fortitude,  the  most  sanguine  on- 
lookers thought  the  project  at  an  end;  but  the  compli- 
cations of  the  disaster  seemed  a  stimulus  rather  than  a 
discouragement.  The  ashes  and  twisted  steel  and  broken 
bricks  had  not  been  cleared  away  before  the  energetic 
men  whose  enterprises  are  the  very  arteries  of  the  city's 
life  said  that  rebuilding  a  city  must  not  interfere  with 
the  contemplated  celebration.  Backed  by  that  fine  spirit, 
the  long  campaign  was  begun. 

In  the  "calamity  days,"  women  used  to  comforts 
always  and  conveniences  at  every  hand,  worked  without 
a  murmur  to  aid  the  men  upon  whom  rested  the  re- 
sponsibilities of  reconstruction.  It  was  then  that  they 
learned  something  not  expressible  in  words  that  made 
them  ready  to  help  to  carry  some  of  the  burdens  that 
must  come  with  the  building  of  an  exposition  city  while 
the  gigantic  construction  of  the  enduring  city  was  still 
taxing  every  physical  and  financial  resource.  And  so  it 
was  that  the  offer  of  the  Californian  women  to  do  their 
part  seemed  an  entirely  normal  procedure.  Whatever 

[3] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

was  for  the  good  of  the  commonwealth  was  their  con- 
cern. 

Back  of  the  parliamentary  history  of  women's  official 
participation  in  the  Exposition  is  another,  desultory, 
and  not  of  formal  record,  but  distinctly  a  part  of  its 
annals.  As  soon  as  San  Francisco  had  formally  asked 
Congress  for  permission  to  hold  the  great  exposition, 
New  Orleans  was  in  the  field  for  preferment  with  a 
well-organized  campaign.  Immediately  prominent  local 
women,  quite  as  enthusiastic  as  the  men,  announced  their 
willingness  to  serve  their  city  with  the  best  they  had  to 
give.  In  the  very  beginning,  December,  1909,  Mrs.  I. 
Lowenberg  telephoned  Mrs.  Lovell  White,  suggesting 
that  they  call  a  meeting  of  women  who  were  competent 
and  anxious  to  commence  such  work  as  women  might  do 
in  this  preliminary  struggle.  Although  the  California 
Club,  through  its  president,  Mrs.  White,  offered  the 
machinery  of  its  big  organization  for  the  cause,  Mrs. 
Lowenberg  contended  that  the  work  was  more  import- 
ant than  any  one  organization,  and  that  anything  done 
for  the  Exposition  should  be  undertaken  by  the  women 
of  all  organizations  and  of  no  organization. 

At  the  first  meeting  called  by  Mrs.  Lowenberg  and 
Mrs.  White,  January  3,  1910,  there  were  also  present 
Miss  Laura  McKinstry,  Mrs.  Irving  M.  Scott,  Mrs. 
John  F.  Merrill,  Mrs.  Homer  S.  King,  and  Mrs.  Aylett 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

R.  Cotton.  The  first  co-operation  following  this  in- 
formal organization  was  crystallized  in  a  campaign  to 
secure  votes  in  Congress  for  San  Francisco.  A  commit- 
tee composed  of  Mrs.  White,  Mrs.  Merrill,  and  Mrs. 
Cotton,  held  conferences  with  Senator  George  C. 
Perkins  and  Congressman  Julius  Kahn.  From  these 
California  representatives  the  women  secured  a  list  of 
the  men  who  favored  San  Francisco  and  those  whose 
votes  should  be  secured.  With  this  information  the 
women  enlisted  every  possible  influence  and  did  some 
worth-while  work.  They  were  able  to  supplement  the 
heroic  endeavor  of  the  California  men  who  went  to 
Washington  and  remained  on  guard  until  the  fight  was 
won. 

Woman's  participation  in  the  pre-Exposition  work 
took  definite  shape  after  San  Francisco  won  her  fight 
by  the  vote  of  January  31,  1911,  when  meetings  were 
called  by  the  original  committee  for  April  2ist,  April 
aad,  April  a8th  and  May  12,  1911.  The  organization 
was  called  the  Woman's  International  Exposition  Asso- 
ciation. The  first  officers  were:  Mrs.  Lovell  White, 
president;  Mrs.  I.  Lowenberg,  first  vice-president;  Mrs. 
Irving  M.  Scott,  second  vice-president;  Miss  Laura 
McKinstry,  third  vice-president;  Mrs.  John  F.  Merrill, 
fourth  vice-president;  Mrs.  Homer  S.  King,  fifth  vice- 
president;  Mrs.  Aylett  R.  Cotton,  corresponding  sec- 

[5] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

retary;  Mrs.  Laurance  I.  Scott,  recording  secretary,  and 
Mrs.  P.  C.  Hale,  treasurer. 

After  this  organization  was  effected,  plans  were  dis- 
cussed for  the  beautification  of  San  Francisco.  There 
was  nothing  of  a  definite  character  to  be  done  at  this 
time  for  the  Exposition,  the  directorate  being  in  the  first 
confusion  of  the  all-important  question  of  site  selection. 
There  was  a  realization,  however,  that  if  any  work  of 
an  important  character  was  to  be  undertaken  by  the 
women,  there  should  be  reorganization  on  a  more 
formal  basis.  This  was  finally  accomplished  by  in- 
corporation on  November  12,  1911. 

With  but  few  exceptions  the  women  active  in  the  first 
campaign  continued  in  loyal  service.  To  their  ranks 
other  women  came  from  time  to  time.  Mrs.  Lovell 
White  declined  the  executive  responsibility  in  the  new 
organization,  feeling  that  she  was  carrying  quite  enough 
as  president  of  the  California  Club. 

Mrs.  Phoebe  A.  Hearst,  beloved  among  all  women 
and  men,  was  invited  to  become  the  honorary  president 
of  the  new  board.  Mrs.  Frederick  G.  Sanborn  was  the 
unanimous  choice  of  the  directors  for  president  as  the 
one  woman  in  San  Francisco  whose  tact  and  good  judg- 
ment and  ability  fitted  her  for  this  important  office,  and 
who  would  be  welcomed  by  every  interest  represented 
in  the  organization.  So  it  was  that  the  Woman's  Board 

[6] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

which  has  given  such  distinguished  service  to  the  Expo- 
sition came  by  the  two  exceptional  women  who  have 
guided  its  destiny. 

Active  service  is  neither  asked  nor  expected  of  hon- 
orary officers,  but  Mrs.  Hearst  never  assumed  a  respon- 
sibility without  giving  it  her  active  and  interested  sup- 
port. She  never  lent  her  name  without  her  participa- 
tion. Because  of  her  enormous  private  and  public  prob- 
lems those  who  asked  Mrs.  Hearst  to  honor  California 
by  taking  office  in  this  important  organization,  hoped 
for  her  counsel  and  knew  the  pleasure  in  store  because 
of  her  association  with  the  cause,  but  no  one  expected 
her  to  help  to  carry  all  the  burdens  and  to  help  to  solve 
every  problem.  From  a  material  standpoint,  Mrs. 
Hearst's  generosity  seemed  boundless.  No  righteous 
cause  ever  suffered  defeat  because  of  lack  of  financial 
support.  But  far  and  above  all  that,  was  the  value  of 
the  presence  at  all  important  deliberations  of  this  gentle, 
low-voiced,  discriminating,  kindly,  generous  woman. 

In  addition  to  this,  during  the  preparatory  years  and 
the  one  of  such  beautiful  realization,  Mrs.  Hearst  enter- 
tained every  week-end  at  her  home  in  Pleasanton,  com- 
panies of  distinguished  men  and  women  who  came  in 
connection  with  the  building  of  the  Exposition,  those 
who  participated  in  its  activities,  and  its  honored  guests. 
This  hospitality,  princely  in  every  way,  brought  people 

[8] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

from  even-  part  of  the  globe  to  one  of  the  most  interest- 
ing houses  in  the  entire  country,  and  gave  them  the 
privilege  of  meeting  in  her  own  home  the  woman  whose 
name  and  deeds  have  made  her  a  citizen  of  the  world, 
albeit  California  claims  her  heart  and  first  love. 

Bearing  interesting  testimony  to  the  fact  that  the 
woman  California  honors  with  such  loyal  affection  is 
claimed  by  other  lands,  is  the  fact  that  the  King  of 
Sweden  made  Mrs.  Hearst  an  Honorary  Commissioner 
to  represent  his  country  at  the  Exposition.  In  token  of 
esteem,  a  handsome  decoration  accompanied  the  formal 
commission. 

Mrs.  Hearst,  a  Missourian  by  birth,  her  father  and 
mother  going  to  that  State  from  Virginia  and  South 
Carolina,  came  to  California  in  1862,  and  as  the  wife 
of  one  of  California's  most  brilliant  pioneer  mining 
men,  the  late  U.  S.  Senator  George  Hearst,  she  soon 
became  identified  with  the  West.  Her  philanthropies 
have  not  been  bounded  by  California's  surveyed  lines, 
but  California  is  home.  So  when  the  honor  of  her  State 
became  an  issue  before  the  world,  this  distinguished  lit- 
tle lady  contributed  a  great  man's  service  to  the  tre- 
mendous enterprise  of  making  and  holding  a  World's 
Exposition. 

Mrs.  Frederick  G.  Sanborn,  upon  whom  rested  the 
actual  executive  responsibilities,  brought  to  her  office 

[9] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

rare  personal  charm  and  distinct  administrative  ability. 
To  these  fundamentals  of  leadership  was  added  the  dis- 
crimination consequent  upon  varied  and  important  ex- 
periences. Her  ability  to  direct,  coupled  with  absolute 
unselfishness  in  giving  of  herself  to  many  a  worth-while 
cause,  brought  responsibilities  to  her  while  other  young 
women  of  her  age  were  f  rivoling.  Every  large  humani- 
tarian movement  of  recent  years  found  her  leading 
when  necessary,  but  always  in  the  ranks.  During  the 
Spanish-American  war,  when  all  the  soldiers  for  the 
Orient  came  to  San  Francisco  to  await  transportation, 
Mrs.  Sanborn  was  an  executive  officer  of  the  California 
Red  Cross.  In  addition  to  her  official  duties,  her  per- 
sonal service  was  untiring.  She  was  ever  ministering  to 
the  homesick  young  volunteers  and  many  a  one  went 
on  his  way  more  loyal  to  his  country  and  himself  for 
having  known  her.  Nothing  could  have  kept  her  at  her 
desk  when  some  mother's  son  needed  help  or  counsel. 

Mrs.  Sanborn's  next  opportunity  for  service  to  her 
city  and  her  fellow-men  came  with  the  calamity  of 
1906.  Regardless  of  her  own  losses  and  needs,  she  was 
immediately  immersed  in  relief  work.  With  James 
Rolph,  Jr.,  who  later  became  the  Mayor  of  San  Fran- 
cisco, and  the  Rev.  Father  D.  O.  Crowley,  the  widely- 
known  philanthropist,  she  served  for  many  months  at 
one  of  the  largest  relief  stations.  In  addition  to  other 

[10] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

obligations  Mrs.  Sanborn  has  for  many  years  found  time 
to  care  for  her  charges  at  the  Protestant  Orphan  Asy- 
lum, of  which  she  is  the  solicitous,  mothering  president. 
Having  wide  experience,  a  deep  understanding  of  the 
humanities,  the  kindliest  attitude  toward  all,  a  most  en- 
gaging personal  charm  and  the  "capacity  for  infinite 
pains,"  she  brought  a  splendid  equipment  to  the  ex- 
ecutive office  of  the  Woman's  Board.  A  New  Yorker  by 
birth,  Mrs.  Sanborn,  who  was  Helen  Elizabeth  Peck, 
was  brought  to  San  Francisco  when  a  little  girl. 
No  native  born  daughter  could  have  been  more  loyal 
to  California.  In  planning  and  executing  Exposition 
activities,  Mrs.  Sanborn  never  thought  in  terms  of  San 
Francisco.  Her  work  as  well  as  her  sympathies  were 
State-wide.  The  sub-chairman  in  the  smallest  hamlet 
was  of  as  much  concern  to  her  as  the  woman  just  at 
hand  who  could  give  without  stint  of  her  wealth  and 
her  service,  Because  she  actually  did  not  let  her  right 
hand  know  what  the  other  was  doing,  there  can  never 
be  but  the  general  acknowledgment  that  the  day  never 
passed  without  a  kindly  or  a  tactful  word  or  deed  for 
some  person  or  cause — the  kind  of  service  to  an  enter- 
prise that  is  never  "put  to  vote,"  but  without  which 
there  never  could  be  but  a  modicum  of  success.  Mrs. 
Sanborn  and  Mrs.  Hearst  gave  to  the  Woman's  Board 
quite  as  much  actual  work  as  they  did  official  direction. 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

Above  all,  their  tact  and  sweet  womanliness  carried  this 
organization  through  its  notable  existence  with  honor. 
In  the  beginning,  when  everything  connected  with 
the  Exposition  was  a  problem,  there  was  nothing  defi- 
nite for  women  to  do,  but  there  was  a  realization  that 
the  time  would  come  in  the  affairs  of  the  great  project 
when  women  must  take  their  "turn  at  the  wheel."  Look- 
ing forward  to  that  assured  period,  the  Woman's  Board 
took  all  initiative  measures  that  they  might  be  ready 
when  the  call  came.  The  articles  of  incorporation 
showed  that  the  women  would  finance  their  own  affairs 
and  that  they  were  in  every  way  equipped  for  definite 
responsibilities.  Mrs.  Sanborn  issued  her  first  public 
statement  on  November  15,  1912.  It  presented  the  at- 
titude of  the  board,  which  was  one  of  general  helpful- 
ness. Back  of  this  announcement  was  a  definite  senti- 
ment. The  women  of  the  board  were  not  willing  to 
spend  several  years  being  simply  social  beings.  While 
recognizing  the  distinct  value  to  the  Exposition  of  its 
social  life  and  being  willing  to  assume  full  duties  along 
that  line,  they  were  ready  to  do  definite  constructive 
work.  The  board  was  composed  of  women  accustomed 
to  civic  and  philanthropic  responsibilities,  who  knew 
how  to  work  as  well  as  play,  and  their  offer  of  "general 
helpfulness"  meant  exactly  what  the  words  implied. 
Their  opportunities  came  in  full  measure. 

[12] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

The  first  call  from  the  Exposition  for  co-operation 
came  in  March,  1912,  before  the  official  status  of  the 
Woman's  Board  had  been  defined.  When  the  "Oregon 
first"  delegation  came  to  San  Francisco  to  select  the 
site  for  its  State  building,  the  directorate  asked  the 
Woman's  Board  to  entertain  the  ladies  of  the  party  at 
luncheon  while  the  men  were  being  similarly  compli- 
mented at  the  San  Francisco  Commercial  Club.  The 
luncheon  given  by  the  women  at  the  Fairmont  Hotel 
was  a  handsome  affair,  successful  and  enthusiastic. 

The  Woman's  Board  was  made  a  sub-committee  of 
the  Exposition  directorate  on  April  n,  1912.  This 
act  made  the  Woman's  Board  an  official  part  of  the 
Exposition  Board,  but  left  it  as  a  corporation,  in- 
dependent and  responsible.  To  make  for  efficiency,  it 
was  agreed  that  the  women  should  not  inaugurate 
any  work  of  importance  without  conference.  This  com- 
pact was  never  honored  in  the  breach.  Mr.  John 
A.  Britton,  Mr.  R.  B.  Hale  and  Judge  Curtis  H. 
Lindley  were  appointed  the  committee  on  woman's 
participation. 

Woman's  actual  contribution  to  the  building  and  ad- 
ministration of  the  Exposition  commenced  with  their 
acceptance  of  an  important  responsibilty.  It  was  pre- 
sented to  the  Board  May  22,  1913,  in  the  following  ex- 
cerpt from  a  communication  from  President  Charles  C. 

[13] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

Moore  through  the  secretary  of  the  board,  Mr.  R.  J. 
Taussig: 

"We  would  like  to  be  assured  at  this  time 
that  the  Woman's  Board  will  undertake  to 
furnish  and  maintain  the  reception  and  enter- 
tainment portion  of  this  building,  and  use  it 
as  their  headquarters  during  the  Exposition 
period." 

In  the  explanatory  details  of  this  proposition,  the  Ex- 
position stated  that  while  the  Host  Building  was  to  be 
"furnished,  operated  and  controlled  by  the  Woman's 
Board,"  certain  days  and  evenings  would  be  needed  for 
general  Exposition  activities.  In  the  light  of  years  of 
the  most  successful  co-operation  this  latter  provision  is 
interesting  to  note.  There  never  was  any  "mine  and 
thine";  the  Exposition  of  1915  was  "ours."  But  records 
are  safeguards  and  precautions  are  necessary,  particu- 
larly as  Expositions  were  said  to  be  one  great  guess  after 
another,  also  one  disappointment  after  another.  With 
gratification  to  the  builders  of  the  Panama-Pacific  In- 
ternational Exposition  and  encouragement  for  those 
who  may  come  in  other  years,  all  records  have  been 
smashed  and  with  them  all  traditional,  faith-destroying 
handicaps. 

In  unanimously  assuming  this  obligation,  the  women 

[14] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

were  courageous ;  they  knew  that  the  responsibility  in- 
volved was  great,  but  they  also  knew  what  faith  and 
work  could  accomplish.  They  had  confidence  in  the 
women  of  California,  feeling  that  they  would  be  a  unit 
for  co-operation  with  the  thirty-six  members  of  the 
board  who  must  keep  faith  for  the  honor  of  all  woman- 
hood as  well  as  the  fair  name  of  California.  They  gave 
their  bond  in  a  statement  that  carefully  repeated  the 
terms  of  the  official  proposition. 

This  action  inaugurated  an  era  of  helpful  general 
assistance,  the  women  standing  ever  ready  to  supple- 
ment the  heroic  work  being  done  by  the  men.  Important 
specific  co-operation  came  through  several  honorary  ap- 
pointments. With  the  recommendation  of  the  Woman's 
Board,  President  Moore  appointed  Mrs.  Francis  Caro- 
lan  assistant  to  John  E.  D.  Trask  in  the  Department  of 
Fine  Arts;  Mrs.  Ernest  S.  Simpson  assistant  to  George 
Hough  Perry  in  the  Division  of  Exploitation;  Mrs. 
William  Grant  assistant  to  Daniel  O.  Lively  in  the 
Department  of  Live  Stock;  Mrs.  Herbert  Hoover  as- 
sistant to  George  E.  Van  Barneveld  in  the  Department 
of  Mines  and  Metallurgy;  Mrs.  William  Kent,  Miss 
Katharine  Felton  and  Miss  Alice  Griffeth  assistants  to 
Alvin  E.  Pope  in  the  Departments  of  Education  and 
Social  Science ;  Mrs.  John  Flournoy  assistant  to  Charles 
H.  Green  in  the  Departments  of  Manufactures  and 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

Liberal  Arts ;  Mrs  Katherine  Osborn  assistant  to  George 
H.  Dennison  in  the  Department  of  Horticulture ;  a  com- 
mittee composed  of  Mrs.  William  S.  Tevis,  Miss  Laura 
McKinstry  and  Mrs.  Edward  C.  Wright  for  consulta- 
tion with  the  Architectural  Commission  in  regard  to  the 
California  Building,  and  another  on  Pageantry,  upon 
which  were  appointed  Mrs.  James  Otis  and  Mrs.  Mary 
Austin. 

Meetings  preliminary  to  incorporation  were  held  at 
the  Town  and  Country  Club,  at  the  Francisca  Club  and 
at  the  St.  Francis  Hotel.  The  first  definite  headquarters 
were  at  the  Pacific  Avenue  residence  of  Mrs.  Irving  M. 
Scott,  which  she  gave  rent-free  to  the  cause.  When  the 
Exposition  directorate  established  its  headquarters  in 
what  became  known  as  the  Exposition  Building,  at  the 
corner  of  Pine  and  Battery  streets,  the  Woman's  Board 
realized  that  its  location  was  too  far  from  the  center  of 
activities  and  moved  to  that  building  on  May  21,  1912, 
leasing  three  rooms.  Another  was  added  later,  and  this 
suite  was  occupied  until  the  Exposition  opened.  This 
change  greatly  facilitated  the  dispatch  of  business  and 
made  for  the  best  of  co-operation. 

The  personnel  of  the  first  board  elected,  November 
12,  1911,  after  incorporation,  was  composed  of  Hon- 
orary President,  Mrs.  Phoebe  A.  Hearst;  President, 
Mrs.  Frederick  G.  Sanborn;  first  Vice-President,  Mrs. 

[16] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

John  Johns;  second  Vice-President,  Mrs.  I.  Lowen- 
berg;  third  Vice-President,  Mrs.  William  Hinckley 
Taylor;  fourth  Vice-President,  Mrs.  Frank  B.  Ander- 
son; fifth  Vice-President,  Mrs.  Robert  Oxnard;  sixth 
Vice-President,  Mrs.  Frank  L.  Brown;  Secretary,  Mrs. 
Marcel  E.  Cerf;  Treasurer,  Mrs.  Philip  E.  Bowles; 
Auditor,  Mrs.  Charles  W.  Slack;  Chairman  of  the 
Board  of  Directors,  Mrs.  James  Ellis  Tucker;  General 
Counsel,  Mrs.  J.  A.  Lewandowski;  other  directors — 
Mrs.  Charles  B.  Alexander,  Mrs.  John  F.  Merrill, 
Mrs.  Irving  M.  Scott,  Mrs.  Henry  T.  Scott,  Mrs.  M. 
C.  Sloss,  Mrs.  Lovell  White,  Miss  Mabel  T.  Cluness, 
Miss  Helen  V.  Wheeler,  Mrs.  Jesse  W.  Lilienthal, 
Mrs.  Aylett  R.  Cotton,  Mrs.  William  H.  Crocker,  Mrs. 
Edwin  R.  Dimond,  Mrs.  James  A.  Folger,  Mrs.  Will- 
iam S.  Tevis,  Mrs.  Joseph  D.  Grant,  Mrs.  Reuben  R. 
Hale,  Mrs.  C.  Edward  Holmes,  Mrs.  Abbie  E.  Krebs, 
Miss  Laura  McKinstry  and  Mrs.  P.  C.  Hale. 

Time  and  conditions  brought  changes  in  the  per- 
sonnel of  the  board.  Mrs.  Irving  M.  Scott,  Mrs.  Will- 
iam H.  Crocker  and  Mrs.  Charles  B.  Alexander  were 
made  honorary  vice-presidents;  several  members  re- 
tired, new  directors  were  elected  to  fill  their  places,  but 
for  the  most  part  the  women  who  were  on  duty  in  the 
beginning  carried  the  responsibilities  to  the  end. 

[17] 


CHAPTER  II 


E 


Honorary  Fice- Presidents  and 
Honorary  Members 


'ARLY  in  its  existence,  the  Woman's  Board  made  a 
record  of  its  desire  to  honor  the  women  of  California 
to  whom  honor  was  due,  women  of  distinction  who  for 
various  reasons  could  not  be  called  upon  to  undertake 
any  of  the  duties  of  active  membership.  With  a  view  of 
making  this  notable  list  inclusive,  the  board  made  two 
designations — honorary  vice-presidents  and  honorary 
members. 

Like  many  interesting  features  of  the  Exposition,  the 
scope  of  this  honor-list  changed  with  the  development 
of  the  work  and  the  better  understanding  of  the  interests 
that  contributed  to  the  success  of  this  great  enterprise. 
In  the  beginning,  a  number  of  women  were  selected  for 
exceptional  service  and  distinction.  Later,  with  the  un- 
folding of  the  larger  outlook  and  the  growth  of  the 
California  Auxiliary,  the  Woman's  Board  realized  that 
there  were  fine  women  all  over  the  State  who  had  con- 

[18] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

tributed  to  the  phenomenal  growth  of  the  West,  women 
to  whom  gracious  acknowledgment  should  be  accorded. 
An  enthusiastic  vote  decided  upon  the  selection  of  one 
honorary  vice-president  and  two  honorary  members  in 
each  county. 

Honorary  vice-presidents  selected  by  the  Woman's 
Board  commenced  with  the  election  of  Mrs.  John  Bid- 
well,  wife  of  a  former  Lieutenant-Governor  of  Cali- 
fornia and  who  had  done  splendid  work  for  the  preser- 
vation of  Indian  tribes  belonging  to  Butte  County, 
where  she  lived. 

Mrs.  Caroline  Severance  of  Los  Angeles,  so  well 
known  as  the  Mother  of  Women's  Clubs,  was  given  all 
honor.  She  was  too  advanced  in  years  to  come  to  San 
Francisco  and  passed  away  before  the  Exposition 
opened. 

Mrs.  Mary  C.  Kincaid,  one  of  the  most  distinguished 
educators  of  the  West,  and  who  had  the  honor  of  ap- 
pointment and  re-appointment  on  the  San  Francisco 
Board  of  Education,  was  the  third  woman  of  splendid 
attainment  added  to  the  list.  Like  Mrs.  Severance,  she 
did  not  live  to  enjoy  the  Exposition  in  which  she  was  so 
deeply  interested.  The  members  of  the  board  had  the 
pleasure  of  her  association  in  its  earlier  years. 

Dr.  Emma  Sutro  Merritt,  distinguished  among  Cali- 
fornia women,  was  honored  by  the  Woman's  Board  for 

[19] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

her  fine  citizenship.  But  for  the  technicalities  of  the  law, 
San  Francisco  would  have  been  the  possessor  of  beauti- 
ful holdings  through  her  generosity  and  public  spirit. 

Mrs.  Emma  Shafter  Howard,  a  citizen  of  the  world, 
but  an  enthusiastic  Californian  as  well,  was  early  named 
among  the  women  of  honor.  Being  interested  in  land  and 
particularly  in  its  opportunities  for  women,  Mrs. 
Howard  brought  the  subject  to  the  women  of  the  world 
in  the  various  International  Councils.  Her  interests  are 
always  universal. 

Mrs.  Irving  M.  Scott  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the 
board  and  contributed  the  use  of  her  commodious  resi- 
dence as  the  first  headquarters.  Not  being  strong  enough 
for  active  service,  Mrs.  Scott  resigned  from  the  director- 
ate and  was  made  an  honorary  vice-president. 

Mrs.  John  F.  Swift,  always  a  staunch  advocate  for  the 
advancement  of  women,  was  among  the  first  listed  as  an 
honorary  vice-president.  She  was  prominently  associ- 
ated with  the  pioneer  suffrage  movements,  with  the  In- 
ternational Council  of  Women  and  with  the  Daughters 
of  the  American  Revolution. 

Mrs.  Louis  Sloss,  one  of  California's  most  respected 
women,  was  honored  as  a  vice-president.  With  her  fam- 
ily, she  has  been  identified  with  every  movement  for 
State  betterment;  personally,  her  work  and  influence 
have  been  given  to  the  philanthropies. 

[20] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

Mrs.  Berthe  d'A.  Welch,  another  distinguished  pio- 
neer woman,  was  a  selection  of  the  board.  Her  interests 
and  philanthropies  made  her  most  worthy  of  all  honor. 

Mrs.  Lewis  W.  Moore,  another  honorary  vice-presi- 
dent, is  the  mother  of  President  Charles  C.  Moore  of 
the  Panama-Pacific  International  Exposition.  Honors 
are  equally  divided  in  that  family,  as  this  man  of 
achievement  reflects  the  gentleness  of  his  birth  and  the 
efficiency  and  kindliness  of  his  up-bringing. 

Mrs.  William  H.  Crocker,  identified  with  Cali- 
fornia's most  important  interests,  was  among  the  first 
active  members  of  the  Woman's  Board.  She  was  one  of 
the  most  substantial  contributors  and  faithful  workers, 
so  when  she  resigned  because  of  an  extended  absence 
from  the  city,  the  board  took  pleasure  in  making  her 
one  of  the  honorary  vice-presidents. 

Mrs.  George  J.  Bucknall,  another  honored  vice-presi- 
dent, has  the  distinction  of  being  the  first  child  born  of 
Anglo-American  parents  in  San  Francisco.  As  little 
Mary  E.  Davis,  she  represented  her  State  when  it  was 
admitted  to  the  Union  in  1850.  Although  educated  and 
married  in  Europe,  Mrs.  Bucknall  returned  to  her 
native  State  early  enough  to  be  identified  with  many 
interesting  movements. 

Mrs.  Charles  B.  Alexander,  while  living  in  New 
York,  has  always  retained  an  active  interest  in  Cali- 

[21] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

fornia,  contributing  with  other  members  of  the  Crocker 
family  to  every  cause  that  has  made  for  the  betterment 
of  San  Francisco.  Mrs.  Alexander  was  made  an  hon- 
orary vice-president  after  association  on  the  active 
board  during  the  p re- Exposition  period. 

Mrs.  Victor  Metcalf,  who  honored  California  and 
California  women  while  her  husband  was  in  the 
national  cabinet  and  in  Congress,  was  made  an  honor- 
ary vice-president  of  the  Woman's  Board. 

Mrs.  Isaac  L.  Requa,  who  for  a  lifetime  of  years  has 
been  a  worker  in  every  humanitarian  cause,  both  in  Oak- 
land and  San  Francisco,  was  made  an  honorary  vice- 
president.  She  represented  the  Alameda  County  women, 
who  contributed  a  splendid  share  to  the  Exposition. 

Mrs.  Ellen  Tracy,  a  genuine  pioneer  of  the  San 
Joaquin  Valley,  one  of  the  noted  women  of  the  State, 
was  placed  among  the  honorary  vice-presidents.  She  has 
been  identified  with  the  founding  of  Bakersfield  and 
Visalia. 

Mrs.  Hiram  W.  Johnson,  wife  of  California's  Gov- 
ernor, was  elected  to  head  the  list  of  honorary  members 
by  the  Woman's  Board.  Mrs.  James  Rolph,  Jr.,  wife  of 
the  Mayor  of  San  Francisco,  was  the  next  choice.  Fol- 
lowing came  Mrs.  Franklin  K.  Lane,  wife  of  the  Sec- 
retary of  the  Interior,  a  Californian;  Mrs.  Julius  Kahn, 
Mrs.  William  Kent,  Mrs.  Marion  De  Vries,  Mrs. 

[22] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

Frank  Flint,  Mrs.  E.  A.  Hayes  and  Mrs.  Joseph  W. 
Knowland,  wives  of  California  Congressmen  who  made 
the  successful  fight  for  the  Exposition;  Mrs.  Augustus 
Fechleter,  Mrs.  George  T.  Marye,  Mrs.  J.  Sloat  Fas- 
sett  and  Mrs.  John  Dwight,  whose  husbands  contrib- 
uted a  splendid  share  to  the  campaign  for  California; 
Mrs.  Joseph  McKenna,  wife  of  the  Chief  Justice  of 
the  United  States  Supreme  Court,  both  Californians; 
Mrs.  Frank  C.  Jordan,  wife  of  the  California  Secretary 
of  State,  and  Mrs.  F.  M.  Angellotti  of  Marin  County, 
who  resigned  as  County  Chairman  and  was  made  an 
honorary  member. 

The  Auxiliaries  selected  the  honorary  vice-presidents 
and  honorary  members  of  their  counties,  subject  to  the 
action  of  the  Woman's  Board.  The  county  chairmen 
were  asked  to  present  the  matter  to  their  organizations, 
considering  in  their  selection  the  women  of  long  and 
honored  residence,  as  well  as  those  of  notable  attain- 
ments. 

The  Woman's  Board  had  no  greater  pleasure  during 
the  Exposition  than  meeting  and  greeting  these  women 
of  distinction  whose  lives  have  been  identified  with 
California  and  who  have  contributed  a  splendid  share 
to  its  development.  This  roll  of  honor  reads: 

ALAMEDA  COUNTY  —  Honorary  vice-president,  Mrs. 
Isaac  L.  Requa,  Oakland.  Honorary  members,  Miss  Mollie 
Connors,  Piedmont;  Mrs.  C.  R.  Lloyd,  Berkeley. 

[23] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

AMADOR  COUNTY — Honorary  vice-president,  Mrs.  James 
Meehan,  Jackson.  Honorary  members,  Mrs.  Clarence  E. 
Jarvis,  Sutter  Creek;  Mrs.  Benjamin  F.  Taylor,  Jackson. 

BUTTE  COUNTY — Honorary  vice-president,  Mrs.  George 
F.  Jones,  Chico.  Honorary  members,  Mrs.  James  H.  Fin- 
nell,  Chico;  Mrs.  J.  B.  Hughes,  Oroville. 

CALAVERAS  COUNTY  —  Honorary  vice-president,  Mrs. 
M.  E.  Tower,  Felix.  Honorary  members,  Mrs.  S.  S.  Moser, 
Mokelumne  Hill ;  Mrs.  Ella  R.  Dunbar,  Murphys. 

COLUSA  COUNTY — Honorary  vice-president,  Mrs.  Flor- 
ence H.  Albery. 

CONTRA  COSTA  COUNTY — Mrs.  A.  L.  Bancroft,  Con- 
cord. Honorary  members,  Mrs.  Robert  Harkinson,  Antioch; 
Mrs.  James  S.  Hook,  Walnut  Creek. 

DEL  NORTE  COUNTY — Honorary  vice-president,  Mrs. 
Daniel  Haight,  Smith  River.  Honorary  members,  Mrs. 
Laura  Shipman,  Crescent  City;  Mrs.  W.  A.  Hamilton,  Cres- 
cent City. 

EL  DORADO  COUNTY — Honorary  vice-president,  Mrs. 
Charles  Weatherwax,  Placerville.  Honorary  members,  Mrs. 
N.  D.  Arnot,  Placerville ;  Mrs.  Bine  V.  Ingham,  Placerville. 

FRESNO  COUNTY — Honorary  vice-president,  Mrs.  Julia 
Fink  Smith,  Fresno.  Honorary  members,  Mrs.  Julia  Sayre, 
Fresno;  Miss  Lucy  Hatch,  Fresno;  Mrs.  George  C.  Roed- 
ding,  Fresno. 

GLENN-  COUNTY — Honorary  vice-president,  Mrs.  Charles 
Lee  Leonard. 

[24] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

HUMBOLDT  COUNTY  —  Honorary  vice-president,  Mrs. 
Rodney  Burns,  Eureka.  Honorary  members,  Mrs.  Paul 
Brizard,  Arcata ;  Mrs.  Walter  Dickson,  Loleta. 

IMPERIAL  COUNTY — Honorary  vice-president,  Mrs.  W. 
M.  Weaver,  El  Centre.  Honorary  members,  Mrs.  J.  E. 
Peck,  Calexico;  Mrs.  William  Best,  Brawley. 

KERN  COUNTY — Honorary  vice-president,  Mrs.  E.  D. 
Buss,  Bakersfield.  Honorary  members,  Mrs.  F.  W.  Robin- 
son, Bakersfield;  Mrs.  Frank  W.  Webster,  Bakersfield. 

LASSEN  COUNTY — Honorary  vice-president,  Mrs.  Viola 
Roseberry,  Susanville.  Honorary  members,  Mrs.  Grace 
Christie,  Lassen;  Mrs.  Geneva  Brown,  Susanville. 

Los  ANGELES  COUNTY — Honorary  vice-president,  Mrs. 
Dan  G.  Stephens,  Santa  Monica. 

MADERA  COUNTY — Honorary  vice-president,  Mrs.  Jen- 
nie C.  Mace,  Madera.  Honorary  members,  Mrs.  S.  W, 
Westfall,  Madera;  Mrs.  Harriet  M.  Gilchrist,  North  Fork. 

MARIN  COUNTY — Honorary  vice-president,  Mrs.  Emma 
Shafter  Howard,  Inverness.  Honorary  members,  Mrs.  John 
F.  Boyd,  San  Rafael;  Mrs.  Henry  C.  Campbell,  Sausalito. 

MARIPOSA  COUNTY  —  Honorary  vice-president,  Miss 
Julia  L.  Jones,  Lodi.  Honorary  members,  Mrs.  E.  Bolton, 
Yosemite;  Mrs.  John  S.  Washburn,  Wawona. 

MENDOCINO  COUNTY — Honorary  vice-president,  Mrs. 
Augustus  J.  Fairbanks,  Willits.  Honorary  members,  Mrs. 
T.  A.  Templeton,  Ukiah;  Mrs.  F.  C.  White,  Fort  Bragg. 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

MERCED  COUNTY  —  Honorary  vice-president,  Mrs. 
Charles  Cothrin,  Los  Banos.  Honorary  members,  Mrs.  G. 
E.  Nordgren,  Merced;  Mrs.  Julius  Ellis,  Merced. 

MODOC  COUNTY — Honorary  vice-president,  Mrs.  Rachael 
Dorris,  Alturas.  Honorary  members,  Mrs.  W.  T.  Cressler, 
Cedarville;  Mrs.  H.  S.  Brown,  Lookout. 

MONO  COUNTY — Honorary  vice-president,  Mrs.  David 
Hayes,  Bridgeport.  Honorary  members,  Mrs.  M.  Pimentel, 
Bridgeport;  Mrs.  Emil  Billeb,  Bodie. 

MONTEREY  COUNTY  —  Honorary  vice-president,  Mrs. 
Christine  Armstrong,  Monterey.  Honorary  members,  Mrs. 
Myron  T.  Thomas,  Monterey;  Mrs,  Mary  T.  Breen,  Metz. 

NAPA  COUNTY — Honorary  vice-president,  Mrs.  Ellen  G. 
Mansfield,  Napa.  Honorary  members,  Mrs.  G.  M.  Francis, 
Napa ;  Mrs.  Hannah  Weinberger,  St.  Helena. 

ORANGE  COUNTY — Honorary  vice-president,  Mrs.  D.  C. 
Pixley,  Orange.  Honorary  members,  Mrs.  G.  W.  Sherwood, 
Fullerton ;  Mrs.  Ida  F.  Dulton,  Anaheim. 

PLACER  COUNTY- — Honorary  vice-president,  Mrs.  Sarah 
Dunlap,  East  Auburn.  Honorary  members,  Mrs,  H.  E.  But- 
ler, Penryn;  Mrs.  Bradford  Woodbridge,  Roseville. 

PLUMAS  COUNTY — Honorary  vice-president,  Mrs.  P.  P. 
Hudson,  Greenville.  Honorary  members,  Mrs.  A.  R.  Bid- 
well,  Greenville;  Mrs.  H.  C.  Chamberlain,  Quincy. 

[26] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

RIVERSIDE  COUNTY — Honorary  vice-president,  Mrs.  F. 
L.  Darling,  Riverside.  Honorary  members,  Mrs.  C.  S. 
Evans,  Riverside ;  Mrs.  W.  A.  Avey,  Riverside. 

SACRAMENTO  COUNTY — Honorary  vice-president,  Mrs. 
Charles  McCreary,  Sacramento.  Honorary  members,  Mrs. 
William  Ellery  Briggs,  Sacramento;  Mrs.  Robert  Devlin, 
Sacramento. 

SAN  BENITO  COUNTY — Honorary  vice-president,  Mrs. 
Patrick  Breen,  Hollister.  Honorary  members,  Mrs.  Annie 
E.  Briggs,  Hollister;  Mrs.  R.  A.  Lathrop,  Hollister. 

SAN  BERNARDINO  COUNTY — Honorary  vice-presidents, 
Mrs.  E.  C.  Sterling,  Redlands;  Mrs.  D.  B.  Sturgess,  San 
Bernardino.  Honorary  members,  Mrs.  M.  A.  Hebbard, 
Colton;  Mrs.  S.  S.  Draper,  San  Bernardino;  Mrs.  W.  S. 
Boggs,  San  Bernardino;  Mrs.  B.  M.  Wall,  San  Bernardino. 

SAN  DIEGO  COUNTY — Honorary  vice-president,  Mrs.  A. 
E.  Horton,  San  Diego.  Honorary  members,  Miss  Ellen 
Browning  Scripps,  La  Jolla ;  Mrs.  George  W.  Marston,  San 
Diego. 

SAN  JOAQUIN  COUNTY — Honorary  vice-president,  Mrs. 
C.  M.  Jackson,  Stockton.  Honorary  members,  Mrs.  J.  C. 
Thompson,  Stockton;  Mrs.  B.  P.  Fraser,  Stockton. 

SAN  Luis  OBISPO  COUNTY — Honorary  vice-president, 
Mrs.  R.  E.  Jack,  San  Luis  Obispo.  Honorary  members,  Mrs. 
Rose  Porter,  Covino;  Mrs.  Edward  Ballard,  Creston. 

[27] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

SAN  MATEO  COUNTY — Honorary  vice-president,  Mrs. 
Adaline  Mills  Easton,  Burlingame.  Honorary  members,  Mrs. 
George  C.  Ross,  San  Mateo;  Mrs.  Timothy  Guy  Phelps,  San 
Carlos. 

SANTA  BARBARA  COUNTY  —  Honorary  vice-president, 
Mrs.  Thomas  Dibblee,  Santa  Barbara.  Honorary  members, 
Mrs.  Charles  Fernald,  Santa  Barbara;  Mrs.  William  Eddy, 
Santa  Barbara. 

SANTA  CLARA  COUNTY — Honorary  vice-president,  Mrs. 
Elizabeth  Lowe  Watson,  Cupertino.  Honorary  members, 
Mrs.  Emily  S.  Karns,  Palo  Alto ;  Mrs.  W.  P.  Lyon,  San  Jose. 

SANTA  CRUZ  COUNTY — Honorary  vice-president,  Mrs. 
Frank  Lewis,  Capitola.  Honorary  members,  Mrs.  M.  J. 
Bennett,  Santa  Cruz;  Mrs.  M.  E.  Tuttle,  Watsonville. 

SHASTA  COUNTY — Honorary  vice-president,  Mrs.  C.  C. 
Bush,  Redding.  Honorary  members,  Mrs.  F.  A.  Reid, 
Redding;  Mrs.  Julia  Litsch,  Shasta. 

SISKIYOU  COUNTY — Honorary  vice-president,  Mrs.  Julia 
Patterson  Churchill,  Yreka. 

SOLANO  COUNTY — Honorary  vice-president,  Mrs.  Robert 
Currey,  Dixon.  Honorary  members,  Mrs.  Nellie  B.  Daniel- 
son,  Suisun ;  Mrs.  F.  A.  Steiger,  Vacaville. 

SONOMA  COUNTY — Honorary  vice-president,  Mrs.  Mark 
L.  McDonald,  Santa  Rosa.  Honorary  members,  Mrs.  Josie 
P.  Hill,  Petaluma;  Mrs.  C.  C.  Wymore,  Santa  Rosa. 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

STANISLAUS  COUNTY — Honorary  vice-president,  Mrs.  W. 
H.  Langdon,  Modesto.  Honorary  members,  Mrs.  H.  A. 
Bates,  Modesto;  Mrs.  A.  T.  Young,  Modesto. 

SUTTER  COUNTY — Honorary  vice-president,  Mrs.  Mary 
Stewart  Smith,  Yuba  City.  Honorary  members,  Mrs.  Louis 
Tarke,  West  Butte;  Mrs.  Charles  E.  Boyd,  Yuba  City. 

TEHAMA  COUNTY — Honorary  vice-president,  Mrs.  Har- 
riet Kimball  King,  Red  Bluff.  Honorary  members,  Mrs. 
C.  A.  Campbell,  Red  Bluff;  Mrs.  L.  L.  McCoy,  Red  Bluff. 

TULARE  COUNTY — Honorary  vice-president,  Mrs.  John 
Tuohy,  Tulare  City.  Honorary  members,  Mrs.  Anna  Mills, 
Johnson,  Visalia;  Mrs.  W.  Whittington,  Dinuba. 

TUOLUMNE  COUNTY  —  Honorary  vice-president,  Mrs. 
Edna  R.  Winn,  Sonora.  Honorary  members,  Mrs.  Helen 
Lansing  Davenport,  Jamestown;  Mrs.  William  Henry  Bar- 
ron,  Soulsbyville. 

VENTURA  COUNTY — Honorary  vice-president,  Mrs.  C.  A. 
Clarke,  Santa  Paula.  Honorary  members,  Mrs.  N.  W. 
Blanchard,  Santa  Paula;  Mrs.  E.  P.  Foster,  Ventura. 

YOLO  COUNTY — Honorary  vice-president,  Mrs.  Gertrude 
Freeman,  Woodland.  Honorary  members,  Mrs.  George 
Stephens,  Madison;  Mrs.  O.  B.  Wilber,  Davis. 

YUBA  COUNTY — Honorary  vice-president,  Mrs.  Emma 
Hapgood,  Marysville.  Honorary  members,  Mrs.  F.  P. 
Gray,  Hammonton;  Mrs.  David  Powell,  Marysville. 

[29] 


CHAPTER  III 


N 


California  State  Auxiliary 


OTHING  of  greater  magnitude  was  done  by  the 
Woman's  Board  than  the  organizing  of  the  loyal  women 
of  the  State  into  a  body  known  as  the  California 
Woman's  Auxiliary.  This  movement  unified  interest 
in  the  Exposition  and  brought  the  women  of  California 
together,  cementing  friendships  and  awakening  an  un- 
derstanding of  the  possibilities  in  such  an  organization. 
It  has  left  a  heritage  of  good  will,  an  asset  of  immeasur- 
able value  to  the  individual  and  to  the  State.  ) 

When  the  Woman's  Board  planned  the  Auxiliary,  it 
felt  that  it  was  the  right  and  the  privilege  of  every 
woman  in  California  to  participate  in  the  making  and 
the  holding  of  the  Exposition  which  celebrated  the 
greatest  engineering  achievement  in  the  world,  one 
which  would  bring  a  future  of  commercial  importance 
to  the  Pacific  Coast.  It  saw  that,  unlike  other  exposi- 
tions, the  one  to  be  held  in  San  Francisco  vivified  a 
great  issue  and  was  not  commemorative  of  century-old 

[30] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

happenings,  and  that  it  would  mean  responsibilities  in 
the  years  to  come  that  should  be  borne  in  part  by  the 
women,  if  the  State  received  the  greatest  possible 
benefit. 

In  calling  upon  the  women  to  organize,  the  board 
outlined  the  specific  work  that  women  could  do  for 
the  1915  Exposition,  and  suggested  that  they  join  the 
movement  with  the  idea  of  permanent  organization  in 
mind,  so  that  when  the  tide  of  immigration  surged  this 
way,  they  could  do  their  part  in  hastening  the  well- 
being  and  the  permanent  assimilation  of  the  new- 
comers. Definite  instructions  on  this  point  read : 

"Chairmen  shall,  upon  completing  organi- 
zation, notify  their  County  Exposition  Com- 
missioners, Chambers  of  Commerce  and 
County  Supervisors  that  they  are  ready  to  co- 
operate with  them  for  the  exploitation  of  their 
county  resources  and  to  further  the  work  of 
adequate  display  at  the  Exposition.  To  enter 
into  the  county  work  in  this  manner  will  be 
in  keeping  with  the  policy  of  the  Woman's 
Board.  As  the  Woman's  Board  is  a  sub-com- 
mittee of  the  Exposition  directorate,  so  may 
the  women  of  the  counties  join  with  the  men 
in  their  preparation  for  the  Exposition. 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 
"They  will  be  expected,  upon  request  of  the 
Woman's  Board,  to  submit  the  names  of  cap- 
able, expert  women  for  possible  work  on  the 
juries  of  awards,  it  being  the  intention  of  the 
directors  of  the  Exposition  to  avail  themselves 
of  the  services  of  women  where  their  experi- 
ence, discretion  and  judgment  will  have  a  dis- 
tinct value. 

"They  shall  appoint  local  committees  on 
hospitality  and  entertainment.  This  is  urged 
not  only  in  preparation  for  the  social  phase  of 
women's  responsibility  at  the  time  of  the  Ex- 
position, but  that  each  county  may  be  ready 
to  receive  the  visitors  and  prospective  settlers 
who  will  be  looking  over  the  State  with  a  view 
to  securing  congenial  homes  and  profitable 
locations.  Along  this  line,  women  may  do 
efficient  work  for  their  communities  and  exert 
an  influence  that  will  not  cease  with  the  Expo- 
sition. Every  county  will  have  to  assimilate 
immigrants. 

"The  women  organized  and  co-operating 
with  the  men  in  this  vital  question  will  be  able 
to  render  the  kind  of  assistance  that  will  make 
for  good  citizenship.  In  this  way,  each  new- 
comer may  be  a  distinct  county  asset.  The 

[32] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 
Governor  has  thought  this  subject  of  such 
great  importance  that  he  has  appointed  a  com- 
mission to  study  the  immigration  problems,  so 
that  California  may  be  ready  to  make  the  most 
and  the  best  of  its  opportunities  when  the 
Panama  Canal  brings  a  great  addition  to  its 
population." 

To  realize  this  dream  of  a  stupendous  State  organiza- 
tion involved  the  best  thought  and  continuous  effort  on 
the  part  of  the  committee  in  charge.  Uniformity  of  pro- 
cedure was  found  to  be  the  first  essential.  This  was 
secured  in  the  beginning  through  general  instructions, 
then  by  providing  the  means  for  carrying  them  out. 
Each  chairman  was  given  membership  receipt  books, 
all  she  needed  for  use  in  her  county.  This  receipt  form, 
used  all  over  the  State,  was  simple  but  so  arranged  that 
all  necessary  data  could  be  recorded.  A  carbon  gave 
the  duplicate  for  filing.  As  each  book  was  filled,  it  was 
returned  to  the  office  of  the  Woman's  Board,  where  the 
roster  was  kept.  The  same  plan  of  comprehensive  re- 
ceipt was  used  for  the  distribution  of  the  Auxiliary  pins, 
the  purchase  of  which  for  one  dollar  was  not  obligatory. 
The  membership  fee,  covering  the  entire  time  of  in- 
corporation, was  made  but  two  dollars,  so  that  no  one 
need  be  deprived  of  the  privileges  it  afforded,  or  of 
doing  something  for  the  welfare  of  the  Exposition. 

[33] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

Further  than  that,  in  order  to  facilitate  work  and  to 
make  each  one  feel  that  she  was  a  part  of  the  whole, 
stationery  of  the  Woman's  Board  was  furnished  with 
the  additional  identification  of  the  names  of  chair- 
man and  sub-chairman  for  each  county.  Provision  of 
this  sort  also  stimulated  correspondence.  Each  chair- 
man had  a  small  revolving  fund  for  postage.  Uniform 
procedure  meant  no  waste  effort,  kept  the  accounts 
simple  and  furthered  State-wide  co-operation. 

Beneficial  and  enjoyable  acquaintance  between 
women  from  all  parts  of  the  State  was  made  through 
the  frequent  acceptance  of  an  invitation  from  the 
women  of  the  board  to  the  auxiliary  members  to  notify 
the  board  of  their  presence  in  San  Francisco  during,  the 
pre-Exposition  period.  This  made  possible  special 
courtesies,  pleasurable  to  guest  and  host  alike.  Once 
the  Exposition  was  opened,  the  headquarters  made 
personal  work  unnecessary.  The  entire  Auxiliary  was 
then  "at  home." 

The  formation  of  this  State-wide  organization  in- 
volved originally  making  the  acquaintance  of  women 
and  conditions  in  every  county  of  California,  with  its 
750  miles  one  way  and  its  350  the  other.  Voluminous 
correspondence  with  officials  and  prominent  individuals 
in  each  county,  in  addition  to  extended  visiting  for 
personal  observation  and  knowledge,  resulted  in  the 

[34] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

choice  of  a  woman  in  each  county  who  was  eminently 
fitted  to  handle  the  representation  of  her  community. 

Once  selected,  this  chairman  was  given  the  plan  of 
unit  organization,  which  was  simple  but  as  far-reaching 
as  need  be.  She  was  called  upon  to  name  a  representa- 
tive in  each  city  and  town  in  her  county.  In  turn,  this 
sub-chairman  organized  her  district  in  exactly  the  same 
way.  The  duties  of  these  chairmen  and  sub-chairmen 
during  the  pre-Exposition  period  were  to  secure  mem- 
berships, to  dispose  of  membership  pins,  to  furnish  their 
local  newspapers  with  Exposition  news,  to  distribute 
literature,  to  assist  their  county  Exposition  commis- 
sioners and  to  get  into  intimate  personal  relationships 
with  the  Woman's  Board  in  San  Francisco.  They  were 
kept  in  touch  with  the  progress  of  the  Exposition  and 
the  business  of  the  Woman's  Board  through  bulletins 
sent  out  monthly,  part  of  the  time,  and  later  on  when- 
ever matters  of  importance  were  up  for  consideration 
or  reports  were  to  be  made. 

Chairmen  and  sub-chairmen  were  asked  to  hold 
monthly  meetings  when  they  could  present  reports  of 
progress  to  their  auxiliaries.  The  propaganda  was  fos- 
tered by  general  meetings  held  every  third  Thursday 
in  San  Francisco  at  the  Fairmont  Hotel,  when  a  director 
from  one  of  the  great  divisions  or  departments  of  the 
Exposition  would  explain  his  dreams,  his  plans  and  the 

[35] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

progress  of  his  work.  Frequently  stereopticon  and  mov- 
ing pictures  added  to  the  pleasure  and  the  understand- 
ing of  the  occasion.  County  chairmen  were  asked  when- 
ever possible  to  attend  these  meetings.  As  a  further 
courtesy  to  the  Auxiliary  members,  the  Woman's  Board 
secured  from  the  Exposition  directors  free  admission 
for  them  into  the  grounds  on  the  Saturday  following 
each  third  Thursday  until  the  close  of  1914.  Member- 
ship cards  were  their  identification  and  passed  them 
through  the  gates.  Upon  each  of  these  occasions,  a  guide 
was  furnished,  and  frequently  construction  trains  were 
placed  at  their  service  for  making  a  full  tour  of  the 
grounds.  This  pre-Exposition  courtesy  was  greatly  ap- 
preciated. While  this  arrangement  of  lectures  and  in- 
spection meant  sheer  pleasure  for  the  members  of  the 
Auxiliary,  it  was  a  constructive  measure  as  well.  When 
the  gates  opened  on  February  20,  1915,  an  army  of 
women  were  technically  intelligent  about  the  buildings 
of  the  Exposition,  the  assembling  of  the  exhibits  and 
were  ready  to  receive  the  all-round  education  that  the 
great  gathering  afforded.  Another  most  important 
feature  of  the  pre-Exposition  work  for  women  and 
children,  here  and  elsewhere,  was  the  circulation  of 
lecturettes,  which  will  be  explained  in  detail  in  the 
chapter  on  Exploitation. 

When  the  Exposition  opened,  these  county  officers 

[36] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

were  asked  to  participate  in  the  work  of  extending  the 
courtesies  of  the  California  Host  Building  whenever 
they  could  be  in  San  Francisco.  In  the  very  nature  of 
conditions,  most  of  this  duty  was  taken  by  the  women 
of  the  bay  and  other  near-by  counties.  Distances  in  Cali- 
fornia are  too  great  for  a  general  participation  by  the 
membership  of  the  Auxiliary  in  the  actual  responsibili- 
ties of  1915,  but  during  that  time  the  California  Build- 
ing was  home  to  women  from  the  farthermost  parts  of 
this  State. 

The  bargain  for  the  interest  and  participation  of  the 
women  of  California  was  far  from  being  one-sided. 
They  gave  freely  and  enthusiastically  to  the  Exposi- 
tion's welfare,  but  on  the  other  hand,  the  Woman's 
Board  and  the  Exposition  directorate  showed  their  ap- 
preciation in  every  possible  way.  The  Auxiliary  was 
given  beautiful  headquarters  in  the  compound  com- 
posing the  "California  Building."  It  had  a  cosily 
furnished  rest  room  and  a  handsomely  decorated  and 
equipped  tea  room.  These  were  in  the  beginning  ex- 
clusively for  the  use  of  the  members  and  their  friends 
from  other  States.  Men  were  always  eligible  guests. 
Later  the  courtesies  of  these  rooms  were  extended  by  a 
vote  of  the  Auxiliary  so  as  to  include  guests  from  Cali- 
fornia as  well  as  the  other  States.  The  concensus  of 
opinion  was  that  it  was  not  always  possible  for  all  the 

[37] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

women  in  one  family  to  purchase  memberships,  and 
further,  that  there  was  an  appreciable  percentage  of 
good  loyal  women  in  the  State  who  could  not  afford  to 
become  members;  so,  not  wishing  to  work  a  hardship 
at  any  point,  this  later  ruling  made  it  possible  for  these 
women  to  be  guests  of  friends  who  were  members.  As 
the  Auxiliary  members  came  into  the  organization  at 
the  invitation  of  the  Woman's  Board,  joining  on  the 
original  terms,  it  was  left  to  them  at  a  called  meeting 
to  vote  any  changes  in  their  own  status. 

The  Auxiliary  headquarters,  facing  on  the  patio  of 
the  California  Building,  the  Esplanade  and  the 
Counties'  Display  Garden,  was  a  two-story  structure 
forming  the  end  of  the  east  wing.  The  rest  room  was 
on  the  ground  floor,  opening  by  an  arch  from  a  com- 
modious foyer.  A  part  of  the  furniture  used  in  this 
room  was  done  by  the  boys  at  the  State  Technical  School 
at  San  Luis  Obispo.  The  rest  was  of  comfortable  wicker, 
made  still  more  attractive  by  chintz  and  blue  cushions. 
The  colors  used  were  deftly  repeated  throughout  the 
room.  As  all  the  windows  opened  to  the  attractive 
gardens,  the  sheerest  of  scrim  curtains  were  used  at  the 
windows,  closing  out  none  of  the  beauty  of  the  scene. 
A  series  of  old  paintings  of  the  romantic  days  of  Cali- 
fornia, loaned  by  Mrs.  William  S.  Tevis,  were  well 
hung.  Convenient  and  restful,  the  room  was  a  general 

[38] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

meeting  place  for  California  women  and  their  guests. 
The  tea  room,  reached  by  a  broad,  easy  stairway,  was 
on  the  second  floor.  The  first  plans  made  provision  for 
a  tea  service  from  three  to  six  o'clock.  The  need  for  a 
luncheon  in  this  part  of  the  grounds  for  the  Auxiliary 
members  was  soon  emphasized,  and  provision  was  made 
for  a  substantial  noon-day  meal  for  seventy-five  cents. 
This  feature  proved  most  convenient,  but  it  also  made 
it  comfortable  for  the  members  to  do  practically  all 
their  entertaining  at  the  Exposition.  In  this  way  neither 
guests  nor  host  had  to  be  deprived  of  precious  hours  at 
the  Exposition.  The  day  never  passed  when  special 
luncheons  were  not  served.  It  was  possible  to  have  extra 
dishes  by  giving  a  few  hours'  notice,  but  the  regular 
menu  was  always  an  excellent  one  and  it  was  not  neces- 
sary to  augment  it.  Luncheons  of  thirty,  fifty  or  even  run- 
ning to  one  hundred  covers  were  nothing,  unusual.  There 
were  always  some  flowers  in  the  room  and  boxes  of 
growing  greens  at  the  windows,  but  extra  decorations 
could  be  arranged  with  a  minimum  of  responsibility  to 
the  hostess.  So  the  history  of  the  "Tea  Room"  records 
one  pretty  affair  after  another.  It  solved  the  problem  of 
Exposition  entertaining  for  Auxiliary  members. 

This  popular  meeting  place,  like  the  rest  room, 
opened  on  all  sides  to  the  bewitching  out-of-doors. 
Growing  up  on  the  east  side,  two  stories  high,  were 

[39] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

wonder  bamboo  trees,  fully  thirty  feet  high,  a  gift  to 
the  Exposition  from  Mrs.  William  S.  Tevis.  One 
window  framed  "The  Bowman,"  another  Administra- 
tion Avenue,  another  a  part  of  the  glistening  bay, 
another  the  patio  with  its  maze  of  hedges  and  its  orange 
trees  and  including  the  "Forbidden  Garden,"  another 
parts  of  the  Palace  of  Fine  Arts,  another  the  Esplanade, 
and  in  fact  every  window  held  a  vista  of  beauty  in  color 
and  line,  with  the  hillsides  of  the  city  and  the  wooded 
slopes  of  the  Presidio  beyond  the  middle  distance.  It 
all  emphasized  the  astonishing  fact  that  from  the  day 
the  Exposition  opened  there  was  not  an  untidy  or  an 
unsightly  spot  and  that  it  was  not  possible  to  face  any 
point  of  the  compass  and  not  find  entrancing,  beauty. 

It  was  fitting  that  this  room  should  be  beautiful  per 
se,  and  its  rendering  into  an  ensemble  of  dignified  and 
splendid  color  and  design  was  given  over  to  Miss  Flor- 
ence Lundborg,  a  California  artist,  who  had  won  dis- 
tinction for  her  mural  as  well  as  other  painting,  both  in 
this  country  and  abroad.  A  limited  competition  pre- 
ceded her  selection  for  this  important  commission. 

Miss  Lundborg's  design  was  accepted  without  modi- 
fication. The  scope  of  its  theme,  the  comprehensiveness 
of  its  development  and  its  wealth  of  color  were  alike 
satisfactory.  The  members  of  the  Woman's  Board  were 
gratified  to  secure  Miss  Lundborg  for  this  work,  as  no 

[40] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

woman  painter  was  represented  in  the  mural  decora- 
tions which  were  such  a  dominant  feature  of  the  Expo- 
sition. 

Handling  this  big  order  meant  that  Miss  Lundborg 
had  to  meet  and  overcome  many  obstacles.  She  did  not 
receive  the  commission  until  September,  1914,  and  the 
canvases  were  installed  when  the  Exposition  opened. 
There  was  some  finishing  to  be  done  and  Miss  Lund- 
borg, painting  from  a  movable  scaffold  fifteen  or  more 
feet  high,  was  a  source  of  the  greatest  interest  to  the 
visitors  of  the  first  weeks. 

The  main  panel  covered  the  entire  north  wall.  In- 
side its  borders  it  was  fifty-two  by  twelve  and  one-half 
feet.  The  subject  was  symbolic  of  California's  wealth  of 
fruit  and  flowers.  Miss  Lundborg  took  for  her  motif 
a  quotation  written  in  Sicily  almost  two  thousand  years 
ago  by  Theocritus.  What  he  said  then  is  so  true  of 
California  today.  It  reads:  "All  breathes  the  scent  of 
the  opulent  summer — the  season  of  fruits." 

Miss  Lundborg's  interpretation  of  the  Sicily-Cali- 
fornia picture  presented  a  procession  of  figures  moving 
with  arcadian  joyousness  through  a  typical  Californian 
landscape  in  which  the  beauty  of  the  blue  sky  and  the 
cumulous  clouds,  rolling  hills  and  majestic  trees, 
stretches  of  sea  and  a  foreground  of  meadow,  combined 
in  exquisite  beauty  of  line  and  glory  of  color.  Luscious 

[41] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

fruits  and  brilliant  flowers  are  carried  by  the  men  and 
women  who  people  the  great  canvas.  The  Theocritus 
text  was  done  in  decorative  old  Spanish  letters  in  the 
arch  which  frames  the  top  of  the  panel  and  follows  the 
line  of  the  ceiling.  There  was  a  fitting  frame  of  blue 
and  ivory,  the  design  being  done  in  stencil,  a  decoration 
which  was  carried  throughout  the  room.  The  color  and 
the  story  of  fruit  and  flowers  were  developed  in  two  large 
and  several  small  medallions.  The  arched  windows  lent 
themselves  to  this  interesting  decoration.  In  the  furnish- 
ing, the  unities  were  most  carefully  preserved. 

The  great  mural  of  this  room  was  presented  to  the 
University  of  California  by  the  Woman's  Board,  which 
commissioned  Miss  Lundborg  to  do  whatever  further 
painting  was  required  to  give  her  work  proper  installa- 
tion in  its  new  environment. 

A  secretary  was  always  in  attendance  in  the  Auxiliary 
headquarters  to  meet  guests  and  to  give  information. 
A  visitors'  register  was  kept.  There  was  competent  maid 
service  and  nothing  was  left  undone  to  try  to  make  the 
rooms  of  the  greatest  benefit  and  comfort  to  the  mem- 
bers. 

Every  evening  from  six  to  eight  o'clock  the  rest  room 
was  open  to  any  Exposition  visitor.  This  meant  comfort 
for  those  desiring  to  remain  in  the  grounds  for  the  fire- 
works, scintillator  drill  and  evening  festivities.  In  ad- 

[42] 


fllili 


§1 

H 

w 

> 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

dition  to  that,  the  tea  room  was  frequently  opened  for 
banquets  and  general  gatherings. 

It  did  not  occur  to  the  Woman's  Board  that  there  was 
one  woman  within  the  confines  of  the  State  who  did  not 
understand  the  exact  status  of  the  Exposition,  but  it 
found  some,  and  so  the  added  responsibility  soon  came 
of  enlarging  the  vision  of  some  of  its  apathetic  citizens 
and  of  creating  patriotic  sentiment.  Consequently  in 
some  of  the  first  bulletins  that  went  out  to  the  counties 
attention  was  called  to  the  fact  that  while  the  Exposition 
was  to  be  held  in  San  Francisco,  it  did  not  belong  to  that 
metropolis.  It  was  being  held  there  because  the  citizens 
were  brave  enough  to  accept  the  responsibility  of  an 
international  enterprise,  under  the  patronage  of  the 
Federal  Government,  which  was  sending  out  the  invita- 
tions for  the  world's  participation.  If  the  Exposition 
were  a  failure,  all  the  blame  would  belong  to  San 
Francisco,  which  had  given  its  word-bond  for  the  ful- 
filment of  its  promise  to  Congress ;  if  it  were  a  success, 
the  glory  would  belong  to  the  State.  While  San  Fran- 
cisco might  have  some  temporary  profit,  the  lasting 
benefit  would  come  to  the  State  at  large. 

This  statement  of  conditions  was  necessary  because 
the  Woman's  Board  found  that  there  were  many  inert 
people  who  were  quite  willing  to  hold  back,  asserting 
that  "the  Exposition  belongs  to  San  Francisco;  let  her 

[44] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

take  care  of  it  herself."  This  attitude  was  not  a  matter 
for  censure  in  a  State  with  the  area  of  an  empire,  with 
fifty-eight  counties  and  with  interests  as  diverse  as  a 
continent.  It  is  never  easy  to  get  the  status  of  a  great 
movement  correctly  before  the  people,  and  the  first 
presentation  of  the  Exposition  was  no  exception  to  that 
rule.  But  the  day  speedily  came  when  disinterested 
looking-on  changed  into  active  loyal  co-operation, 
making  possible  many  of  the  successes  of  the  notable 
year. 

Surveys  are  not  easily  made  of  work  such  as  was 
done  by  the  California  Auxiliary.  Its  efforts  brought 
splendid  financial  results,  but  the  material  outcome 
would  not  have  been  possible  if  loyalty  and  enthusiasm 
had  not  dominated  the  work  of  this  great  organization, 
over  fifteen  thousand  strong. 

Numerically,  the  larger  counties  and  those  within 
easy  traveling  distance  of  the  Exposition  made  a  splen- 
did showing,  but  in  the  balance,  they  did  not  outweigh 
the  results  in  far-away  counties,  where  a  few  member- 
ships may  have  meant  a  half  day's  travel  for  a  chair- 
man or  a  sub-chairman.  In  many  parts  of  California 
"neighbors"  are  great  ranches  apart.  Because  of  this 
fine  spirit,  the  Woman's  Board  holds  the  short  roster  of 
the  remote  mountain  counties  in  just  as  grateful  remem- 
brance as  the  membership  of  the  populous  districts. 

[45] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

Counties  like  San  Francisco  and  Alameda  had  to  be 
handled  as  if  they  were  small  States.  The  districts  were 
like  counties  and  the  neighborhoods  like  towns.  Mrs. 
Alfred  P.  Black  had  the  responsibility  of  San  Francisco 
and  did  not  begin  outlining  her  campaign  until  March 
26,  1914,  when  she  accepted  the  chairmanship.  How 
well  she  handled  her  duties  and  how  capable  her  sub- 
chairmen  were  is  attested  by  the  $14,000  and  more 
that  this  county  paid  into  the  treasury.  Personally  she 
sold  memberships  and  pins  aggregating  $1,052. 

Mrs.  Addison  C.  Posey  organized  Alameda  County 
in  the  same  efficient  way.  When  she  assumed  the  post 
of  chairman,  Mrs.  C.  R.  Lloyd  of  Berkeley  turned  over 
a  large  membership  which  she  had  secured  in  the  Uni- 
versity town,  one  which  when  she  closed  her  books 
meant  941  memberships  and  472  official  badges,  total- 
ing $2,354.  Alameda  county's  contribution  was  over 
$5,400,  Oakland  furnishing  the  largest  quota  of  mem- 
berships. The  women  of  that  county  responded  splen- 
didly when  there  were  calls  for  co-operative  service,  as- 
sisting in  county  as  well  as  Exposition  entertaining.  This 
county  also  raised  about  $1,100  for  Travelers'  Aid  work. 

Perhaps  the  most  complete  piece  of  systematic  or- 
ganization was  that  done  in  Marin  county  by  Mrs. 
F.  M.  Angellotti  and  her  successor,  Mrs.  Clinton  Folger. 
Although  not  thickly  settled,  this  county  raised  $2,112. 

[46] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

There  was  no  more  effective  or  enthusiastic  Auxiliary 
work  done  anywhere  than  under  Mrs.  J.  O.  Hayes  in 
Santa  Clara  County.  Returns  from  there  were  over 
$2,000,  besides  the  support  of  one  Travelers'  Aid  worker 
during  the  period  of  the  Exposition.  Sacramento 
county,  although  one  of  the  latest  to  organize,  made  a 
splendid  showing  under  the  direction  of  Mrs.  William 
Ellery  Briggs.  This  county  also  supported  a  Travelers' 
Aid  worker.  Sonoma,  with  Mrs.  J.  S.  Sweet  at  the 
helm,  did  wide-awake  work  and  also  contributed  the 
salary  of  a  Travelers'  Aid  worker. 

Among  the  farther-away  counties,  honors  were  di- 
vided between  San  Luis  Obispo  and  Monterey  coun- 
ties on  the  south  and  Humboldt  and  Mendocino  counties 
on  the  north.  Mrs.  A.  Z.  Sinsheimer  of  San  Luis  Obispo 
and  Mrs.  Thomas  Doud  in  Monterey  sent  in  returns 
steadily  until  the  close  of  the  Exposition,  as  did  Mrs. 
A.  J.  Monroe  in  Humboldt  county  and  Dr.  I.  M.  Mai- 
pas  in  Mendocino. 

The  same  hearty  co-operation  which  included  interest 
in  every  activity  from  membership  to  the  Pioneer 
Mother  Monument  subscriptions,  characterized  the 
work  in  Butte  county  under  Mrs.  A.  F.  Jones;  in 
Tehama,  under  Mrs.  John  Fife;  in  Yolo,  under  Mrs.  E. 
J.  De  Pue;  in  San  Joaquin,  under  Mrs.  W.  C.  Neu- 
miller;  in  San  Mateo,  under  Mrs.  John  Johns;  in  Con- 

[47] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

tra  Costa,  under  Mrs.  Lewis  Risdon  Mead;  in  Solano, 
under  Mrs.  Henry  Goosen;  in  El  Dorado,  under  Miss 
Mary  O'Donnell;  in  Fresno,  under  Mrs.  W.  J.  Mc- 
Nulty;  in  Merced,  under  Mrs.  C.  F.  Wade;  in  Napa, 
under  Mrs.  Percy  King;  in  Santa  Cruz,  under  Mrs. 
Fred  Swanton;  in  Siskiyou,  under  Miss  Beatrice  Hoi- 
brook;  in  Placer,  under  Mrs.  J.  E.  Prewett;  in  Del 
Norte,  under  Mrs.  Ernest  M.  Fine;  in  Riverside,  under 
Mrs.  F.  C.  Martin;  in  Sutter,  under  Mrs.  Mary  Stewart 
Smith;  in  San  Diego,  under  Dr.  Mary  Ritter;  in  Ma- 
dera,  under  Dr.  Mary  Ryerson  Butin;  in  Tuolumne, 
under  Mrs.  T.  A.  Winn;  in  Inyo,  under  Dr.  Helen  Mc- 
Night  Doyle;  in  Tulare,  under  Mrs.  G.  W.  Small;  in 
Amador,  under  Mrs.  Bayliss  C.  Clark;  in  Lassen,  under 
Mrs.  C.  C.  Cahlan;  in  Calaveras,  under  Mrs.  W.  S. 
Getchell;  in  Mono,  under  Mrs.  C.  H.  Dolan;  in  Yuba, 
under  Mrs.  E.  B.  Stanwood;  in  Glenn,  under  Mrs. 
Lizzie  Snowden;  in  Imperial,  under  Mrs.  R.  B.  Vail; 
in  Kern,  under  Mrs.  C.  A.  Hare;  in  Kings,  under  Mrs. 
Louis  Allen;  in  Lake,  under  Mrs.  Granville  Libby;  in 
Mariposa,  under  Mrs.  J.  J.  Trabucco;  in  Modoc,  under 
Mrs.  N.  B.  Harris;  in  Nevada,  under  Mrs.  W.  F. 
Engleb right;  in  Los  Angeles,  under  Mrs.  R.  L.  Craig; 
in  Orange,  under  Mrs.  Harry  Dyre;  in  Plumas,  under 
Miss  Tillie  Krueger;  in  San  Benito,  under  Mrs. 
Thomas  Flint;  in  San  Bernardino,  under  Mrs.  D.  G. 

[48] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

Roberts;  in  Santa  Barbara,  under  Mrs.  Louis  Long; 
in  Shasta,  under  Mrs.  William  A.  Etter;  in  Stanislaus, 
under  Mrs.  E.  C.  Dozier;  in  Trinity,  under  Mrs.  J.  W. 
Bartlett;  in  Ventura,  under  L.  B.  Hogue. 

The  following  is  California's  official  Auxiliary  ros- 
ter: 

ALAMEDA  COUNTY — Mrs.  A.  C.  Posey,  chairman,  Oak- 
land; Miss  Mollie  Connor,  vice-chairman,  Oakland;  Mrs. 
H.  A.  Hebard,  Alameda;  Mrs.  William  F.  Kett,  Berkeley; 
Miss  Glavinovitch,  Oakland;  Mrs.  Lucien  Longworthy,  San 
Leandro;  Mrs.  John  Allen  Park,  Hayward;  Mrs.  W.  H. 
Tyson,  Niles;  Mrs.  J.  R.  Scupham,  Central  Oakland;  Mrs. 
Philip  S.  Teller,  Alameda;  Mrs.  Charles  R.  Lloyd,  Berkeley; 
Mrs.  Frank  Law,  Seminary  Park;  Mrs.  J.  S.  Emery,  Emery- 
ville; Mrs.  G.  W.  Harrison,  West  Oakland;  Mrs.  C.  D. 
Graham,  Pleasanton;  Mrs.  Beach  Soule,  Piedmont;  Mrs. 
Dudley  Kinsell,  Oakland;  Mrs.  M.  G.  Callaghan,  Liver- 
more;  Mrs.  Harry  L.  Boyle,  Melrose;  Mrs.  Ely  C.  Hutch- 
inson,  Highland  Park;  Mrs.  C.  E.  Cornell,  East  Oakland; 
Mrs.  A.  C.  Christenson,  Elmhurst;  Mrs.-  Fred  G.  Harrison, 
Allendale ;  Mrs.  Henry  Wetherbee,  Fruitvale ;  Mrs.  Arthur 
C.  Day,  Sunol  Glen;  Mrs.  A.  E.  Gott,  Mrs.  G.  R.  Williams, 
Mrs.  C.  E.  Wilson,  Mrs.  R.  H.  Collins, 

AMADOR  COUNTY — Mrs.  Bayliss  C.  Clark,  county  chair- 
man, Sutter  Creek;  M-rs.  W.  J.  McGee,  vice-chairman,  Sut- 
ter  Creek;  Miss  Carrie  Trudgeon,  treasurer,  Sutter  Creek; 
Miss  Lena  B.  Soracco,  secretary,  Sutter  Creek;  Mrs.  J.  J. 

[49] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

Wright,  Jackson;  Mrs.  Robert  Bagley,  lone;  Mrs.  H.  E. 
Potter,  Plymouth. 

BUTTE  COUNTY — Mrs.  A.  F.  Jones,  county  chairman, 
Oroville;  Mrs.  E.  W.  Ehmann,  treasurer,  Oroville;  Miss 
Lesle  Jones,  secretary,  Oroville;  Mrs.  S.  B.  Onyett,  Palermo; 
Mrs.  F.  A.  Egan,  Oroville;  Mrs.  W.  T.  Heim,  Oroville; 
Mrs.  J.  R.  King,  Gridley;  Miss  M.  M.  Smith,  Biggs;  Mrs. 
James  Finnell,  Chico. 

CALAVERAS  COUNTY — Mrs.  W.  S.  Getchell,  county  chair- 
man, San  Andreas. 

CONTRA  COSTA  COUNTY — Mrs.  Lewis  Risdon  Mead, 
county  chairman,  Byron  Hot  Springs;  Mrs.  R.  G.  Dean, 
vice-chairman,  Brentwood;  Mrs.  M.  R.  Jones,  Martinez; 
Mrs.  Leonora  Scott  Beede,  Antioch;  Mrs.  L.  W.  Brubeck, 
Concord;  Miss  May  Tormey,  Pinole;  Mrs.  Hammond, 
Byron;  Mrs.  George  W.  Schafer,  Brentwood;  Mrs.  U.  S. 
Abbott,  Richmond. 

COLUSA  COUNTY — Mrs.  Robert  Cosner,  county  chairman, 
Colusa. 

DEL  NORTE  COUNTY — Mrs.  Ernest  M.  Fine,  chairman, 
Crescent  City;  Mrs.  J.  M.  McLaughlin,  vice-chairman, 
Crescent  City;  Mrs.  M.  Hotchkiss,  secretary,  Crescent  City. 

EL  DORADO  COUNTY — Miss  Mary  O'Donnell,  county 
chairman,  Placerville. 

FRESNO  COUNTY  —  Mrs.  W.  J.  McNulty,  chairman, 
Fresno;  Mrs.  L.  L.  Cory,  vice-chairman,  Fresno;  Mrs.  Al- 

[50] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

fred  Braverman,  secretary,  Fresno;  Mrs.  George  H.  Aiken, 
treasurer,  Fresno ;  Mrs.  A.  S.  Taylor,  Coalinga ;  Mrs.  Albert 
Nicholson,  Oleander;  Mrs.  Arthur  Armstrong,  Fowler;  Mrs. 
Robert  B.  Donnell,  Reedley;  Miss  Vada  Harrison,  Sanger; 
Mrs.  J.  E.  Whitson,  Selma;  Dr.  Flora  W.  Smith,  Kingsburg. 

GLENN  COUNTY — Mrs.  Lizzie  Snowden,  county  chair- 
man, Willows. 

HUMBOLDT  COUNTY — Mrs.  A.  J.  Monroe,  county  chair- 
man, Eureka;  Mrs.  G.  D.  Murray,  vice-chairman,  Eureka; 
Mrs.  J.  W.  Ryan,  secretary,  Eureka ;  Mrs.  E.  Bell,  treasurer, 
Eureka;  Mrs.  Paul  Brizard,  Arcata;  Mrs.  H.  A.  Barber, 
Blue  Lake;  Mrs.  Ernest  Loveland,  Ferndale;  Mrs.  George 
Williams,  Fortuna;  Mrs.  William  H.  McMillan,  Samoa; 
Mrs.  W.  F.  Dickson,  Loleta;  Mrs.  E.  L.  Cottrell,  Scotia; 
Mrs.  M.  P.  Hanson,  Alton;  Mrs.  E.  Waterhouse,  Korbel. 

IMPERIAL  COUNTY — Mrs.  R.  B.  Vail,  county  chairman, 
El  Centre;  Mrs.  Wiley  S.  Weaver,  El  Centro;  Mrs.  I.  E. 
DeRackin,  Imperial;  Mrs.  Vaughn  Francis,  Holtville. 

INYO  COUNTY — Dr.  Helen  McKnight  Doyle,  county 
chairman,  Bishop;  Mrs.  L.  C.  Hall,  vice-chairman,  Bishop; 
Mrs.  W.  A.  Chalfont,  treasurer,  Bishop;  Mrs.  W.  A.  Par- 
cher,  secretary,  Bishop;  Mrs.  Julian  Eibeshutz,  Independ- 
ence; Mrs.  W.  G.  Dixon,  Big  Pine;  Mrs.  E.  H.  Edwards, 
Lone  Pine;  Mrs.  William  Farrington,  Laws;  Mrs.  Etta 
Thorington,  Round  Valley. 

KERN  COUNTY — Mrs.  C.  A.  Hare,  county  chairman, 
Bakersfield. 

[51] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

KINGS  COUNTY — Mrs.  Louis  Allen,  county  chairman, 
Hanford;  Mrs.  O.  M.  Lacey,  vice-chairman,  Hanford;  Mrs. 
David  Porter,  secretary,  Hanford;  Mrs.  Frederick  Cuttle, 
treasurer,  Hanford;  Mrs.  F.  Shaltgren,  Corcoran;  Mrs.  W. 
P.  Byron,  Lemoore;  Mrs.  F.  P.  Watson,  Stratford;  Mrs. 
Charles  King,  Hardwick. 

LAKE  COUNTY — Mrs.  Granville  Libby,  county  chairman, 
Middletown. 

LASSEN  COUNTY — Mrs.  Charlotte  C.  Cahlan,  county 
chairman,  Susanville;  Mrs.  Edith  C.  Shotwell,  vice-chairman, 
Constantia;  Mrs.  Grace  C.  Bridges,  secretary,  Susanville; 
Mrs.  Lina  G.  Brownell,  treasurer,  Susanville;  Mrs.  R.  F. 
Pray,  Westwood;  Mrs.  Mona  M.  Williams,  Madeline; 
Mrs.  Marietta  S.  Hall,  Doyle;  Mrs.  James  I.  Christie, 
Janesville;  Mrs.  Clara  E.  Gibson,  Litchfield;  Mrs.  Marye 
E.  Calahan,  Amedee. 

Los  ANGELES  COUNTY — Mrs.  R.  L.  Craig,  county  chair- 
man, Los  Angeles;  Mrs.  Florence  Collins  Porter,  vice-chair- 
man, South  Pasadena. 

MADERA  COUNTY — Dr.  Mary  Ryerson  Butin,  county 
chairman,  Madera;  Mrs.  Anniece  McElligott,  secretary, 
Madera ;  Mrs.  H.  O.  Clapp,  treasurer,  Madera ;  Mrs.  Leota 
Bigelow,  O'Neals;  Mrs.  O.  N.  Stoltz,  Raymond;  Mrs.  J. 
W.  Schmitz,  Madera. 

MARIN  COUNTY — Mrs.  Clinton  Folger,  county  chairman, 
Mill  Valley;  Mrs.  S.  M.  Augustine,  treasurer,  San  Rafael; 

[52] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

Miss  Margaret  Foster,  secretary,  San  Rafael;  Mrs.  George 
Pinckard,  San  Rafael;  Mrs.  J.  R.  Hanify,  Sausalito;  Mrs. 
Peter  Hamilton,  San  Anselmo;  Miss  Lena  Blanding,  Belve- 
dere; Mrs.  Edward  Schmiedell,  Ross;  Mrs.  Carolyn  Ather- 
ton,  Novato;  Mrs.  Frederic  Burk,  Kentfield;  Mrs.  Prentiss 
Gray,  Fairfax;  Mrs.  S.  S.  Southworth,  Bolinas;  Mrs.  George 
Eckert,  Larkspur;  Miss  Clara  Philipp,  Inverness;  Mrs.  J. 
A.  Johnston,  San  Quentin;  Mrs.  J.  C.  Perry,  Corte  Madera; 
Mrs.  Frederick  Dickson,  San  Geronimo;  Mrs.  Carl  Renz, 
Mill  Valley;  Mrs.  Zilla  L.  Dickenson,  Tomales. 

MARIPOSA  COUNTY — Mrs.  J.  J.  Trabucco,  county  chair- 
man, Mariposa;  Mrs.  R.  B.  Stolder,  vice-chairman,  Mari- 
posa;  Mrs.  J.  L.  Dexter,  treasurer,  Mariposa;  Miss  Alice 
Corcoran,  secretary,  Mariposa;  Mrs.  George  Givens,  Cathay; 
Mrs.  M.  Olcese,  Hornitos;  Mrs.  C.  L.  Boothe,  Darrah; 
Mrs.  W.  M.  Brice,  Briceburg;  Mrs.  W.  G.  Turner,  Lewis; 
Mrs.  F.  T.  Maguire,  Mt.  Bullion;  Mrs.  P.  W.  Judkins, 
Mariposa ;  Mrs.  A.  R.  Cooley,  Mariposa. 

MERCED  COUNTY — Mrs.  C.  F.  Wade,  county  chairman, 
Los  Banos;  Mrs.  J.  E.  Bedesen,  vice-chairman,  Los  Banos; 
Mrs.  E.  M.  Ward,  secretary,  Los  Banos;  Mrs.  George  Con- 
way,  treasurer,  Los  Banos;  Miss  Helen  Arburua,  Los  Banos; 
Mrs.  F.  W.  Parrish,  Dos  Palos;  Mrs.  Penelope  Rogers, 
Le  Grand;  Mrs.  W.  T.  White,  Livingston;  Mrs.  C.  A.  Mil- 
ler, Gustine;  Mrs.  David  Larson,  Stevenson;  Mrs.  Fannie 
J.  Ferrel,  Snelling;  Mrs.  J.  W.  Dunlap,  Irwin  City;  Mrs. 
S.  H.  Spears,  Merced  Falls;  Mrs.  W.  W.  Deming,  Winton; 
Mrs.  Clarence  Pfitzer,  Volta. 

[53] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

MENDOCINO  COUNTY — Dr.  Ida  Lathrop  Malpas,  county 
chairman,  Ukiah;  Mrs.  Mary  B.  Templeton,  vice-chairman, 
Ukiah;  Miss  Carrie  Garsey,  secretary,  Ukiah;  Miss  Nettie 
Taylor,  treasurer,  Ukiah;  Mrs.  W.  T.  Eddie,  Potter  Valley; 
Mrs.  William  Hanen,  Point  Arena;  Mrs.  A.  J.  Fairbanks, 
Willits;  Mrs.  W.  B.  Coombs,  Little  River;  Mrs.  E.  Gam- 
brel,  Largo;  Mrs.  Lee  Riggs,  Calpella;  Mrs.  Helena  Clark, 
Fort  Bragg. 

MODOC  COUNTY — Mrs.  Nettie  B.  Harris,  county  chair- 
man, Alturas. 

MONO  COUNTY — Mrs.  Cordelia  Hayes  Dolan,  county 
chairman,  Bridgeport. 

MONTEREY  COUNTY — Mrs.  Thomas  Doud,  county  chair- 
man, Monterey;  Mrs.  Emery  T.  Erb,  vice-chairman,  Mon- 
terey; Mrs.  F.  A.  Zimmerman,  secretary,  Monterey;  Mrs. 
J.  H.  Dobbins,  treasurer,  Pacific  Grove;  Mrs.  G.  C.  Schley, 
Salinas;  Mrs.  W.  M.  Gragg,  Monterey;  Mrs.  W.  V.  Grimes, 
Pacific  Grove;  Mrs.  William  Casey,  San  Lucas;  Mrs.  May 
M.  Lynch,  Bradley;  Mrs.  John  Parker,  Salinas;  Mrs.  Belle 
Talbott,  King  City;  Mrs.  Mary  J.  Breen,  Metz;  Mrs.  Leota 
Clark,  Soledad;  Mrs.  J.  D.  Roberts,  Seaside;  Miss  de  Neale 
Morgan,  Carmel-by-the-Sea. 

NAPA  COUNTY — Mrs.  Percy  King,  county  chairman, 
Napa;  Mrs.  E.  Wilder  Churchill,  vice-chairman,  Napa; 
Mrs.  W.  M.  Fisher,  treasurer,  Napa;  Mrs.  Clarence  Clark, 
secretary,  Napa ;  Mrs.  Frank  L.  Coombs,  Napa ;  Mrs.  Hugh 
Crawford,  Napa;  Mrs.  G.  M.  Francis,  Napa;  Mrs.  Henry 

[54] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

Brown,  Napa;  Mrs.  W.  B.  Griffiths,  Napa;  Mrs.  H.  C. 
Melone,  Oak  Knoll;  Mrs.  E.  H.  Winship,  Napa;  Mrs.  G. 
W.  Young,  Napa;  Mrs.  Earl  Raymond,  Napa;  Mrs.  L.  J. 
Evans,  Napa ;  Mrs.  C.  E.  Trower,  Napa ;  Mrs.  A.  L.  Voor- 
hees,  Napa;  Mrs.  Joseph  Magliavacca,  Napa;  Mrs.  F.  W. 
Bush,  Napa;  Mrs.  D.  S.  Kyser,  Napa;  Mrs.  A.  L.  Bryan, 
Chula  Vista;  Mrs.  F.  Silva,  Napa,  Mrs.  W.  H.  Young, 
Napa ;  Mrs.  Ben  Blow,  Napa ;  Mrs.  Fred  Ewer,  St.  Helena ; 
Mrs.  M.  Holje,  Calistoga;  Mrs.  F.  B.  Malkinder,  St. 
Helena. 

NEVADA  COUNTY — Mrs.  William  F.  Englebright,  county 
chairman,  Nevada  City. 

ORANGE  COUNTY — Mrs.  Harry  Dyer,  county  chairman, 
Anaheim. 

PLACER  COUNTY — Mrs.  J.  E.  Prewett,  county  chairman, 
Auburn;  Mrs.  C.  A.  Walsh,  vice-chairman,  East  Auburn; 
Mrs.  George  Kilburn,  vice-chairman,  East  Auburn;  Miss 
Cora  Bronson,  vice-chairman,  Auburn;  Mrs.  Raglan  Tuttle, 
secretary,  East  Auburn;  Mrs.  W.  A.  Shepard,  treasurer, 
Auburn ;  Mrs.  G.  W.  Hamilton,  East  Auburn ;  Mrs.  Morris 
Lobner,  Coif  ax;  Mrs.  Clarence  McKinley,  Forest  Hill;  Mrs. 
Mary  James,  Dutch  Flat;  Mrs.  J.  B.  deGolyer,  Lincoln;  Mrs. 
H.  E.  Butler,  Penryn;  Mrs.  F.  Wesley  Quast,  Rocklin;  Mrs. 
Bradford  Woodbridge,  Roseville;  Mrs.  P.  B.  Goss,  Sheri- 
dan. 

PLUMAS  COUNTY — Miss  Tillie  Krueger,  county  chairman, 
Greenville. 

[55] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

RIVERSIDE  COUNTY — Mrs.  F.  C.  Martin,  county  chair- 
man, Beaumont;  Mrs.  C.  R.  Stibbens,  vice-chairman,  River- 
side; Mrs.  Mary  Ellis,  Banning;  Dr.  June  Robinson,  Coach- 
ello;  Mrs.  Clarence  White,  Corona;  Mrs.  R.  H.  Kirk- 
patrick,  Elsinore;  Mrs.  Andrew  Eadie,  Hemet;  Mrs.  H.  E. 
Card,  Indio;  Mrs.  W.  W.  Stewart,  Ferris;  Mrs.  W.  H.  Ellis, 
Riverside ;  Mrs.  Frank  Farmer,  San  Jacinto. 

SACRAMENTO  COUNTY — Mrs.  William  Ellery  Briggs, 
chairman,  Sacramento;  Mrs.  C.  B.  Dewers,  secretary,  Sacra- 
mento; Mrs.  Douglas  A.  Lindley,  treasurer,  Sacramento; 
Mrs.  Henry  Heilbron,  vice-chairman,  Sacramento;  Mrs. 
Louise  Gavigan,  vice-chairman,  Sacramento ;  Mrs.  Robert  T. 
Devlin,  vice-chairman,  Sacramento. 

SAN  JOAQUIN  COUNTY — Mrs.  W.  C.  Neumiller,  county 
chairman,  Stockton;  Mrs.  Charles  M.  Jackson,  vice-chairman, 
Stockton;  Mrs.  Herbert  Williamson,  secretary,  Stockton; 
Mrs.  E.  C.  Stewart,  secretary,  Stockton;  Mrs.  M.  J.  Single, 
treasurer,  Stockton;  Mrs.  Oliver  Castle,  Manteca;  Mrs. 
Emily  Cowell,  Manteca;  Mrs.  J.  S.  Moulton,  Ripon;  Miss 
J.  E.  Daggett,  Escalon;  Mrs.  T.  J.  Drais,  Farmington; 
Mrs.  Burton  Towne,  Woodbridge;  Mrs.  J.  B.  Cory, 
Acampo;  Mrs.  George  A.  Goode,  Tracy;  Mrs.  Freeman 
Mills,  Lodi ;  Mrs.  Winfield  Montgomery,  Lockford. 

SAN  DIEGO  COUNTY — Dr.  Mary  Ritter,  county  chairman, 
La  Jolla. 

SAN  FRANCISCO  COUNTY — Mrs.  Alfred  P.  Black,  county 
chairman,  San  Francisco;  sub-chairmen,  Mrs.  Robert  I.  Bent- 

[56] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

ley,  Mrs.  C.  S.  S.  Button,  Mrs.  F.  F.  Fehleisen,  Mrs.  Eugene 
Folsom,  Mrs.  C.  E.  Grunsky,  Miss  Lutie  Goldstein,  Mrs. 
Joseph  Peltier  (secretary  of  Auxiliary),  Miss  Ada  Gold- 
smith, Mme.  A.  M.  Giusti,  Mrs.  Edwin  J.  Hanson,  Mrs. 
Henry  Hilp,  Mrs.  John  Herman,  Miss  Myra  Jeffers,  Mrs. 
Augusta  Jones,  Mrs.  B.  R.  Kieth,  Mrs.  William  R.  Parnell, 
Mrs.  J.  S.  A.  Macdonald,  Mrs.  Harold  Seager,  Miss  Jennie 
Partridge,  Miss  Margaret  Curry,  Miss  Rachel  Abel,  Mrs. 
Mark  Newman,  Mrs.  G.  C.  Sargent,  Miss  May  Sinsheimer, 
Mrs.  S.  L.  Strickland,  Mrs.  F.  W.  Thompson,  Mrs.  H.  P. 
Howard,  Mrs.  S.  M.  Coburn,  Mrs.  Henry  Bernhard,  Dr. 
Katharine  I.  Howard,  Mrs.  Harris  Weinstock,  Mrs.  M.  G. 
Hill,  Mrs.  F.  O.  Nelson. 

SAN  Luis  OBISPO  COUNTY — Mrs.  A.  Z.  Sinsheimer, 
county  chairman,  San  Luis  Obispo;  Mrs.  Benjamin  Brooks, 
vice-chairman,  San  Luis  Obispo ;  Mrs.  George  Merritt,  secre- 
tary, San  Luis  Obispo ;  Mrs.  W.  T.  Summers,  treasurer,  San 
Luis  Obispo;  Mrs.  M.  Moore,  Arroyo  Grande;  Mrs.  John 
Eubanks,  Cambria;  Miss  Belle  Churchill,  Paso  Robles; 
Mrs.  E.  W.  Black,  Santa  Margarita. 

SAN  MATEO  COUNTY — Mrs.  John  Johns,  county  chair- 
man, San  Mateo;  Mrs.  Charles  E.  Green,  vice-chairman,  San 
Mateo;  Mrs.  J.  H.  Doane,  secretary,  San  Mateo;  Mrs.  W. 
J.  Martin,  treasurer,  South  San  Francisco;  Mrs.  C.  S.  Dig- 
gles,  Lomita  Park;  Mrs.  Ed.  Green,  Millbrae;  Mrs.  George 
Probasco,  Burlingame;  Mrs.  C.  F.  McCarthy,  San  Mateo; 
Mrs.  John  Farnham,  San  Carlos ;  Mrs.  George  Merrill,  Red- 
wood City;  Mrs.  P.  Rossi,  Atherton;  Mrs.  R.  B.  Hutchi- 

[57] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

son,  Visitacion  Valley;  Mrs.  Arthur  Redington,  San  Mateo; 
Mrs.  G.  W.  Wilcox,  Redwood  City;  Mrs.  Henry  Ward 
Brown,  Colma ;  Mrs.  George  Sneath,  San  Bruno ;  Mrs.  H.  S. 
Hatch,  Half  Moon  Bay;  Mrs.  E.  J.  Gazzett,  Daly  City; 
Mrs.  H.  A.  Hinman,  Belmont;  Mrs.  L.  Curran  Clarke,  Red- 
wood City;  Mrs.  Milton  Pray,  Easton. 

SAN  BENITO  COUNTY — Mrs.  Thomas  Flint,  county  chair- 
man, Hollister;  Mrs.  G.  W.  Cole,  vice-chairman,  Hollister; 
Mrs.  Fred  Hamilton,  secretary  and  treasurer,  Hollister. 

SAN  BERNARDINO  COUNTY — Mrs.  E.  D.  Roberts,  county 
chairman,  San  Bernardino;  Mrs.  J.  S.  Wood,  vice-chairman, 
San  Bernardino. 

SANTA  BARBARA  COUNTY — Mrs.  Louis  Long,  county 
chairman,  Santa  Barbara;  Mrs.  Anna  H.  Conant,  secretary 
and  treasurer,  Santa  Barbara. 

SANTA  CLARA  COUNTY — Mrs.  J.  O.  Hayes,  county  chair- 
man, Edenvale;  Mrs.  E.  S.  Karns,  vice-chairman,  Palo  Alto; 
Mrs.  Amanda  Miller,  secretary,  San  Jose;  Mrs.  M.  R.  Bar- 
stow,  treasurer,  San  Jose;  Mrs.  C.  H.  Whitman,  Campbell; 
Mrs.  J.  D.  Blabon,  Cupertino;  Miss  Ida  Wehner,  Ever- 
green; Mrs.  T.  Thompson,  Gilroy;  Mrs.  Walter  M.  Field, 
Los  Altos;  Mrs.  M.  A.  Owen,  Los  Gatos;  Mrs.  Etta  War- 
ing, Mayfield;  Mrs.  W.  W.  Campbell,  Mount  Hamilton; 
Mrs.  M.  Farrell,  Mountain  View;  Mrs.  Emily  Karns,  Palo 
Alto;  Mrs.  A.  E.  Osborne,  Santa  Clara;  Miss  Lyra  Mills, 
Saratoga;  Mrs.  Burt  Estes  Howard,  Stanford;  Mrs.  John 
Durst,  Sunnyvale. 

[58] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

SANTA  CRUZ  COUNTY — Mrs.  Fred  Swanton,  county  chair- 
man, Santa  Cruz;  Mrs.  Charles  E.  Towne,  vice-chairman, 
Santa  Cruz ;  Mrs.  Thomas  E.  Dixon,  treasurer,  Santa  Cruz ; 
Mrs.  Frank  A.  de  Cray,  secretary,  Santa  Cruz ;  Mrs.  James 
G.  Piratsky,  Watsonville;  Mrs.  H.  V.  Angell,  Soquel;  Mrs. 
M.  C.  Anthony,  Boulder  Creek;  Mrs.  William  A.  Phillips, 
Brookdale;  Miss  Alice  Brooks,  Ben  Lomond;  Mrs.  William 
Martin,  Glenwood. 

SONOMA  COUNTY — Mrs.  J.  H.  Sweet,  county  chairman, 
Santa  Rosa;  Mrs.  L.  D.  Jacks,  vice-chairman,  Santa  Rosa; 
Mrs.  O.  L.  Houts,  secretary,  Santa  Rosa ;  Mrs.  John  Rinner, 
treasurer,  Santa  Rosa;  Mrs.  Henry  Hahman,  Santa  Rosa; 
Mrs.  Frank  Denman,  Petaluma ;  Mrs.  P.  N.  Stofen,  Sonoma ; 
Miss  Helen  Jones,  Healdsburg ;  Mrs.  Charles  Shaw,  Clover- 
dale;  Mrs.  F.  E.  Sohler,  Geyserville;  Mrs.  Mary  B.  Wil- 
liams, Sebastopol;  Mrs.  C.  C.  Wymore,  Rincon  Valley;  Mrs. 
Harry  Weiss,  Glen  Ellen;  Mrs.  Henry  Ballard,  Graton; 
Mrs.  J.  D.  Maddux,  Fulton;  Mrs.  D.  Fryer,  Windsor;  Mrs. 
Fred  Wilson,  Kenwood. 

SHASTA  COUNTY — Mrs.  William  A.  Etter,  county  chair- 
man, Redding. 

SISKIYOU  COUNTY — Miss  Beatrice  Holbrook,  county 
chairman,  Yreka. 

SOLANO  COUNTY — Mrs.  Henry  Goosen,  county  chairman, 
Fairfield;  Mrs.  B.  F.  Griffin,  Vallejo;  Mrs.  Charles  Rueger, 
Benicia;  Mrs.  F.  A.  Steiger,  Vacaville;  Mrs.  Peter  Cook, 
Rio  Vista ;  Mrs.  Robert  Currey,  Dixon. 

[59] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

STANISLAUS  COUNTY — Mrs.  E.  C.  Dozier,  county  chair- 
man, Modesto;  Mrs.  Walter  Garrison,  treasurer,  Modesto; 
Mrs.  Connor,  Hughson;  Mrs.  A.  Simons,  Turlock;  Mrs. 
Frank  Wells,  Keyes;  Mrs.  J.  B.  Pressly,  Riverside;  Mrs. 
J.  W.  Murphy,  Salida;  Mrs.  F.  W.  Reeder,  Oakdale;  Mrs. 
Minnie  Ordway,  Oakdale;  Mrs.  A.  C.  Walden,  Newman; 
Mrs.  Frank  Nickerson,  Modesto;  Mrs.  T.  E.  Wilson,  Ceres. 

SUTTER  COUNTY — Mrs.  Mary  Stewart  Smith,  county 
chairman,  Yuba  City;  Mrs.  Anna  Moncur,  Yuba  City;  Mrs. 
W.  E.  Stafford,  Live  Oak;  Mrs.  P.  W.  Lytle,  Terra  Buena; 
Mrs.  Grace  Burns  Harding,  Verona;  Mrs.  E.  P.  Jacobs, 
Meridian;  Miss  Ella  Moody,  Sutter  City. 

TEHAMA  COUNTY — Mrs.  John  Fife,  county  chairman, 
Red  Bluff;  Mrs.  James  Mallock,  secretary,  Red  Bluff;  Mrs. 
L.  L.  McCoy,  treasurer,  Red  Bluff ;  Mrs.  J.  H.  Connery,  Los 
Molinos;  Mrs.  W.  H.  Samson,  Corning;  Mrs.  G.  W.  Simp- 
son, Tehama. 

TUOLUMNE  COUNTY — Mrs.  T.  A.  Winn,  county  chair- 
man, Sonora ;  Mrs.  Frank  R.  Morgan,  vice-chairman,  Sonora ; 
Mrs.  E.  D.  Delameter,  secretary,  Sonora ;  Mrs.  G.  W.  Price, 
treasurer,  Sonora;  Mrs.  Carrie  B.  Badgeley,  Sonora;  Mrs. 
Lilian  Brady,  Columbia ;  Mrs.  E.  H.  Reed,  Tuolumne ;  Mrs. 
S.  A.  Ferretti,  Groveland;  Mrs.  Garnet  Barren,  Soulsby- 
ville ;  Mrs.  L.  J.  Holland,  Confidence ;  Mrs.  Helen  L.  Daven- 
port, Jamestown. 

TULARE  COUNTY — Mrs.  George  W.  Small,  county  chair- 
man, Visalia;  Mrs.  Anna  Mills  Johnston,  vice-chairman, 

[60] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

Visalia;  Miss  Kathleen  Small,  secretary,  Visalia;  Mrs.  Sus- 
man  Mitchell,  treasurer,  Visalia;  Mrs.  M.  C.  Zumwalt, 
Tulare;  Mrs.  W.  B.  Phillips,  Porterville;  Mrs.  B.  G.  Brown, 
Strathmore;  Mrs.  C.  H.  Boardman,  Lindsay;  Mrs.  T.  M. 
Gronen,  Terra  Bella;  Mrs.  Rogers,  Ducor;  Mrs.  A.  D.  Mc- 
Laine,  Exeter;  Mrs.  J.  L.  Rhodes,  Dinuba;  Mrs.  I.  B.  Ham- 
ilton, Orosi. 

VENTURA  COUNTY — Mrs.  S.  B.  Hogue,  county  chairman, 
San  Buena  Ventura. 

YOLO  COUNTY — Mrs.  Edgar  J.  De  Pue,  county  chairman, 
Yolo  Orchard;  Mrs.  R.  L.  Day,  treasurer,  Winters;  Mrs. 
Fred  Fairchild,  secretary,  Woodland;  Mrs.  A.  E.  Bullard, 
vice-chairman,  Woodland;  Mrs.  Emily  Hoppin,  Yolo;  Mrs. 
Lawrence  Wilson,  Winters;  Mrs.  Otto  Wilber,  Davis;  Mrs. 
M.  H.  Stitt,  Guinda ;  Mrs.  H.  J.  Shute,  Esparto. 

YUBA  COUNTY — Mrs.  E.  B.  Stanwood,  county  chairman, 
Marysville;  Mrs.  David  Powell,  vice-chairman,  Marysville; 
Mrs.  C.  F.  Aaron,  treasurer,  Marysville;  Mrs.  William 
Strief,  secretary,  Marysville;  Mrs.  F.  P.  Gray,  Hammonton; 
Mrs.  J.  M.  Brock,  Wheatland;  Miss  Agnes  O'Brien,  Smarts- 
ville.  * 


CHAPTER  IV 


S 


Travelers  Aid 


EVERAL  years  after  the  Columbian  Exposition,  Mr. 
Orin  C.  Baker,  the  now  well-known  social  worker,  being 
fond  of  fishing,  went  into  the  country  of  brooks  and 
pools  for  a  few  days  of  the  kind  of  sport  that  rests  a 
busy,  tired  man.  His  hunt  for  lodgings  took  him  to  an 
attractive  little  home  close  to  the  woods,  where  he  found 
a  man  and  his  wife  who  gave  him  kindly  attention. 
When  he  returned  morning  and  evening  from  his  hours 
of  fishing,  an  inviting  table  was  spread  for  four.  Each 
time,  the  man,  the  woman  and  the  guest  sat  down  with 
no  reference  to  the  vacant  chair.  Finally  at  breakfast 
on  the  morning  he  was  leaving,  Mr.  Baker  asked  if  they 
had  been  expecting  another  guest.  "No,"  was  the 
answer,  our  daughter  went  away  to  the  Exposition  and 
never  came  back.  We  could  find  no  trace  of  her,  but  we 
have  kept  her  place  always  set,  because  we  are  expect- 
ing her  to  return  some  day." 

Deeply  stirred,  Mr.  Baker  said  that  he  would  find 

[62] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

their  daughter  for  them.  He  took  what  little  informa- 
tion they  had  of  her  last-known  whereabouts  and  went 
his  way.  His  quest  led  him  here  and  there  and  finally  to 
a  neglected  grave.  Death  had  come  to  this  girl  after  a 
few  sad  and  badly-spent  years,  during  which  shame  and 
disappointment  kept  her  from  going  home  to  her  par- 
ents, who  were  bewildered  and  heart-broken  with  wait- 
ing and  actually  dying  of  hope  deferred. 

Mr.  Baker  told  these  gentle  folk  as  much  of  the  truth 
as  they  had  to  know.  The  ineffable  pity  of  it  all  brought 
this  man  of  affairs  to  a  round-about-face  and  changed 
his  life  from  commercial  to  philanthropic  lines.  He 
thought  of  the  protecting  influences  that  might  have 
stood  between  this  unwary  girl  and  the  conditions  which 
made  for  her  tragedy  and  that  blighted  home.  He  ana- 
lyzed all  movements  for  social  betterment,  and  saw  in 
the  Travelers'  Aid  plan  of  endeavor  the  greatest  possi- 
bilities for  the  kind  of  protective  work  that  would 
minimize  the  toll  of  death  and  dishonor  for  the  young 
when  pleasure  or  business  took  them  away  from  the 
sheltering  solicitude  of  home. 

Mr.  Baker  became  convinced  that  protection  and 
direction  for  young  people  while  traveling  or  while 
seeking  to  establish  themselves  in  a  new  environment 
would  mean  fewer  vacant  chairs,  fewer  unknown  graves 
and  fewer  broken  hearts  and  lives.  Led  by  this  insight, 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

Mr.  Baker  took  up  Travelers'  Aid  as  his  life's  work  and 
later  became  the  general  secretary  of  the  New  York 
Society.  He  was  in  that  position  of  responsibility  when 
the  Woman's  Board  was  planning  Exposition  welfare 
work. 

It  was  not  this  specific  story  that  enlisted  the  best  en- 
deavor of  the  Exposition  women  in  organizing  the 
Travelers'  Aid  of  California,  but  it  was  a  soul-stirring 
argument  for  unremitting  effort,  once  the  work  was 
under  way.  Data,  no  doubt  exaggerated,  about  the  fail- 
ure of  welfare  work  at  former  Expositions  was  current. 
The  women  knew  that  serious  problems  could  arise 
with  greatly  increased  travel,  and  they  felt  that  the  best 
kind  of  hospitality  San  Francisco  could  show  to  the 
peoples  of  the  world  it  had  invited  for  1915,  was  to  give 
a  generous  measure  of  protection  to  young  people  and 
women  traveling  alone.  They  wanted  the  young  and  the 
old,  the  foreigner,  in  fact  any  one  in  need  of  direction, 
to  be  able  to  find  it  coming  and  going  to  the  Exposition 
and  while  they  were  in  California. 

The  Exposition  directorate  had  the  tremendous  re- 
sponsibility of  attending  to  the  material  well-being  of 
the  visitors.  They  had  to  see  that  hotels  and  restaurants 
kept  faith  with  the  public  and  with  them ;  they  had  to 
maintain  information  bureaus  and  attend  to  the  endless 
detail  of  insuring  the  safety  and  comfort  of  all  guests. 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

The  work  for  moral  protection  became  quite  normally 
the  concern  of  the  Woman's  Board.  In  this,  however, 
they  had  the  full  co-operation  of  the  Exposition  direc- 
tors. President  Charles  C.  Moore,  besides  giving  public 
utterance  to  the  Exposition's  desire  for  the  best  co- 
operation with  all  welfare  movements,  appointed  a 
committee  on  moral  protection,  of  which  Mr.  John  A. 
Britton  was  chairman,  Mr.  Joseph  S.  Tobin  and  Mr. 
Charles  S.  Stanton,  the  other  members.  This  committee 
was  "on  duty"  until  the  day  the  Exposition  closed. 

The  Woman's  Board  did  not  waste  time  or  energy 
trying  to  prove  the  startling  stories  told  of  other  great 
world  gatherings.  They  knew  that  the  only  possible 
indication  as  to  the  extent  of  the  misery  caused  by  the 
exploitation  of  innocence  and  human  weakness  at  for- 
mer expositions  was  to  be  found  in  the  thousands  of  let- 
ters of  inquiry  from  distracted  relatives.  It  was  enough 
for  the  women  of  California  to  know  that  the  question 
of  moral  protection  for  the  young  was  an  issue. 

The  board,  however,  did  investigate  the  conduct  of 
welfare  work  done  at  Chicago  and  St.  Louis,  for  there 
was  plenty  of  it,  good-intentioned  and  expensive.  It 
discovered  that  the  trouble  came  from  a  lack  of  co- 
operation. Women  and  men  of  every  denomination  had 
not  only  organized  protective  measures,  but  they  had 
given  service,  loyal  and  unselfish,  but  with  the  fatal 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

quality  of  inexperience.  Inquiry  showed  further  that 
there  were  as  many  badges  as  there  were  organizations, 
giving  persons  on  evil  bent  an  unlimited  field  for 
nefarious  work.  All  they  had  to  do  was  to  call  them- 
selves an  organization  and  get  a  designation  of  some 
sort  and  no  one  could  gainsay  their  right  to  meet  trains 
and  boats,  presumably  on  protection  bent.  The  average 
human  being,  and  especially  the  inexperienced  traveler, 
has  at  least  a  degree  of  faith  in  an  official  emblem.  It  is 
hard  to  think  that  misuse  can  be  made  of  a  symbol  of 
authority,  but  one  of  the  serious  phases  of  welfare  work 
at  St.  Louis  resulted  from  exactly  this  crime  against 
decency  and  against  the  people  who  were  conscientiously 
trying  to  protect  the  young  travelers.  That  badge  of  evil 
purpose  is  now  in  a  collection  in  the  New  York  office. 
It  is  of  purple  ribbon,  on  which  the  words  "Travelers' 
Aid"  are  printed  in  gold. 

The  question  of  the  badge  was  taken  up  early  by  the 
California  Society,  its  importance  being  thoroughly 
understood.  A  committee  studied  the  Travelers'  Aid 
badges  of  the  world,  for  there  are  many  authorized  ones 
in  use  both  in  this  country  and  in  Europe.  The  mem- 
bers had  more  in  mind  than  a  badge  for  California. 
They  knew  that  every  one  interested  in  this  protective 
work  was  looking  forward  to  the  time  when  there  would 
be  but  one  emblem,  and  they  hoped  to  secure  a  design 

[66] 


GOLD  STAR  BADGE 
TRAVELERS'  AID  SOCIETY  OF  CALIFORNIA 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

that  would  appeal  to  other  States  and  countries.  In  com- 
ing to  a  decision,  colors  and  designs  used  elsewhere  were 
considered  with  a  view  to  harmonizing  sentiment  on 
these  important  details. 

Primarily  the  committee  decided  on  a  Gold  Star  as 
the  dominant  feature  of  the  badge,  feeling  that  it  could 
become  as  well  known  as  the  Red  Cross.  The  desire  was 
to  have  the  gold  star  stand  for  moral  protection  always, 
as  the  Red  Cross  does  for  aid  in  times  of  stress.  The 
Gold  Star,  emblematic  of  honor,  light  and  purity,  was 
placed  on  a  shield  typifying  protection.  To  this  funda- 
mental expression  was  added  the  torch,  telling  its  story 
of  enlightenment.  In  color,  the  Gold  Star,  definitely 
cut  in  relief,  is  on  a  blue-bordered  shield,  upon  which  is 
cut — in  gold  on  blue — "Travelers'  Aid."  Red  appears 
in  the  fire  of  the  torch.  The  shield  (with  a  protecting 
pin)  is  hung  on  a  short  gold  ribbon  attached  to  a  bar  of 
blue  enamel,  on  which  appears  in  gold  the  name  of 
the  state  or  city  in  which  the  pin  is  being  worn.  The 
badge  is  covered  by  letters  patent  and  every  pin  is 
numbered. 

In  planning  to  inaugurate  the  most  efficient  kind  of 
protective  service,  the  members  of  the  Woman's  Board 
felt  that  their  attitude  was  no  reflection  upon  San  Fran- 
cisco or  its  citizenship.  They  regarded  their  city  in  an 
absolutely  impersonal  way,  recognized  that  it  was  a 

[68] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

metropolis,  subject  to  the  same  complex  conditions  ob- 
taining in  any  large  city.  They  knew  that  increased 
travel  would  bring  problems  immediately,  and  they 
were  determined  that  every  right-minded  visitor  could 
find  protection  and  comfort,  and  that  every  one  of  tim- 
idity or  inexperience  could  be  directed  and  cared  for,  to 
the  limit  of  human  endeavor. 

San  Franciscans  had  learned  some  valuable  lessons  in 
the  past  which  made  them  frank  to  admit  a  condition, 
knowing  that  that  was  the  way  to  proceed  toward  a  cure. 
The  time  was  when  an  unwise  loyalty  made  some  San 
Franciscans  unwilling  to  say  that  plague  had  found 
its  way  into  their  beloved  city.  Steadily  and  quietly  and 
slowly  it  spread  during  a  few  blind  years,  until  its  hor- 
rors were  menacing.  The  condition  was  then  publicly 
admitted,  and  every  measure  known  to  science  was  em- 
ployed to  eradicate  the  disease,  with  the  result  that  in 
a  few  months  San  Francisco  had  a  clean  bill  of  health 
from  the  United  States  Government.  And  so  it  was  that 
the  Woman's  Board  wanted  from  the  world  a  clean  bill 
of  moral  health  for  its  Exposition.  They  wanted  also 
the  consciousness  that  there  had  been  no  laxity  in  their 
understanding  of  the  significance  of  universal  brother- 
hood. They  were  quite  willing  to  be  held  accountable 
for  their  share  in  being  their  "brothers'  keepers." 

With  this  attitude  of  frankness  toward  conditions  and 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

their  willingness  not  only  to  work,  but  to  back  their 
frankness  with  money,  the  Woman's  Board  felt  en- 
tirely justified  in  sending  out  word,  as  it  did  to  the 
mothers  and  fathers  of  the  land,  in  fact  to  every  one  of 
any  age  or  race  or  religion,  that  they  had  organized  a 
California  branch  of  the  world-wide  movement  known 
as  Travelers'  Aid;  that  it  was  affiliated  with  hundreds 
of  co-operating  organizations  all  over  the  country,  and 
that  the  young,  the  inexperienced  or  any  one  traveling 
alone  might  come  to  the  Exposition  protected  at  all 
times  by  its  agencies.  It  wanted  the  world  to  know  that 
the  men  who  had  made  the  Exposition  were  a  unit  for 
the  preservation  of  the  fair  name  of  the  "Dream  City," 
and  that  back  of  these  official  standards  were  those  of 
all  representative  men  and  women  citizens  of  the  West. 
The  initial  work  in  this  important  movement  is  a 
monument  to  the  good  judgment  and  the  untiring  zeal 
of  Mrs.  Frederick  G.  Sanborn.  It  was  her  quiet  per- 
sonal endeavor  that  brought  together  on  the  board  of 
the  new  Travelers'  Aid  a  most  remarkable  aggregation 
of  men  and  women.  She  did  not  trust  to  the  misunder- 
standing and  the  apathy  that  could  come  from  a  cam- 
paign of  correspondence.  Because  the  conservation  of 
time  was  vital  and  the  issue  of  such  moment,  Mrs.  San- 

i 

born  called  on  representatives  of  every  denomination 
and  of  every  large  interest  in  San  Francisco,  and  ex- 

[70] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

plained  the  Travelers'  Aid  work.  She  showed  that  it 
was  the  one  issue  upon  which  people  of  every  grade 
and  shade  of  religious  belief  could  join;  she  explained 
the  national  and  international  work  that  had  been  done 
and  made  it  perfectly  plain  that  the  best  hospitality 
California  could  extend  was  to  try  to  insure  moral  pro- 
tection to  the  people  it  was  inviting  to  come  to  the  Ex- 
position, especially  the  girls  and  young  men  and  women 
traveling  alone.  The  scope  and  interest  of  the  resulting 
organization  is  indicated  in  the  personnel  of  the  first 
board  of  directors.  The  members  and  their  representa- 
tion follows: 

Rt.  Rev.  Bishop  Edward  Hanna  (later  Archbishop 
Hanna),  Roman  Catholic  Church;  Bishop  Edwin  H. 
Hughes,  Evangelical  Churches;  Rabbi  Martin  A. 
Meyer,  Jewish  Congregations;  Bishop  William  Ford 
Nichols,  Episcopal  Church;  Rev.  Eugene  Benson, 
Episcopal  Church;  Rev.  C.  S.  S.  Button,  Unitarian 
Church;  W.  H.  Robbins,  Jr.,  Alexander  Russell,  Mil- 
ton H.  Esberg  and  Robert  Newton  Lynch,  Chamber  of 
Commerce  of  San  Francisco;  Hon.  John  F.  Davis, 
Native  Sons  of  the  Golden  West;  Mrs.  J.  W.  Stirling, 
Native  Daughters  of  the  Golden  West;  John  P.  Young, 
The  Chronicle;  Charles  S.  Stanton,  The  Examiner; 
William  H.  J.  Dutton,  Fireman's  Fund  Insurance  Com- 
pany; William  H.  Crocker,  Crocker  National  Bank; 

[71] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

Miss  Anna  Nicholson,  State  Board  of  Education;  Cap- 
tain A.  H.  Payson,  Santa  Fe  Railroad;  S.  Veatch, 
Brotherhood  of  Railway  Trainmen ;  Charles  M.  Levey, 
Western  Pacific  Railroad;  Archibald  Kains,  San  Fran- 
cisco Clearing  House;  Dr.  George  C.  Pardee,  Oakland; 
O.  D.  Jacoby,  Oakland  Bankers;  H.  E.  A.  Railton, 
Pacific  Mail  Steamship  Company;  Warren  Olney,  San 
Francisco  Bar  Association;  Miss  Grace  N.  Fisher, 
Oakland  Young  Women's  Christian  Association ;  Carl- 
ton  H.  Parker,  California  Immigration  Department; 
James  Horsburgh,  Southern  Pacific  Company;  Mr. 
Jesse  W.  Lilienthal,  United  Railroads;  Mrs.  H.  E. 
Magee  and  Mrs.  William  Geer  Hitchcock,  Catholic 
Organizations;  Mrs.  L.  P.  Crane,  Oakland;  Miss  Grace 
Trumbull  (later  Mrs.  Charles  Wesley  Reed),  Cali- 
fornia State  Development  Board;  Mrs.  Mary  Prag  and 
Mrs.  Myer  Friedman,  Council  of  Jewish  Women ;  Mrs. 
George  P.  Thurston  and  Miss  Anna  Beaver,  Young 
Women's  Christian  Association;  Mr.  R.  B.  Hale, 
Panama-Pacific  International  Exposition;  Mrs.  Phoebe 
A.  Hearst,  Mrs.  F.  G.  Sanborn  and  Mrs.  Ernest  S. 
Simpson,  Woman's  Board,  Panama-Pacific  Interna- 
tional Exposition;  Mr.  J.  O.  Hayes,  Santa  Clara 
County. 

Trying  to  avoid  duplication  of  effort,  the  Woman's 
Board  made  a  searching  inquiry  as  to  the  protective 

[72] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

measures  already  organized  in  San  Francisco  and  near- 
by cities.  It  was  willing  to  constitute  itself  a  co-operat- 
ing body  if  any  existing  society  was  able  to  conduct  and 
finance  the  work  that  must  be  done  before  and  during 
1915.  It  found  that  the  Young  Women's  Christian  As- 
sociation, which  had  been  sponsoring  practically  all  the 
Travelers'  Aid  work  that  had  been  done  in  twenty 
years,  was  not  equipped  to  take  added  responsibilities, 
and  further,  that  recognizing  the  magnitude  of  the 
work  and  the  fact  that  all  Travelers'  Aid  Societies 
should  be  a  part  of  the  national  and  international  move- 
ment, it  had  been  in  correspondence  with  the  New  York 
Society  with  a  view  to  turning  over  this  department  to 
the  larger,  specific  organization.  Other  interests  of  the 
local  Young  Women's  Christian  Association  were  ab- 
sorbing its  energies  and  resources.  The  board  also  found 
different  denominations  doing  protective  work,  but  each 
was  ready  to  come  into  the  larger  movement  in  a  fine 
spirit  of  co-operation. 

This  survey  of  the  field  by  the  Woman's  Board  con- 
firmed the  opinion  that  they  must  initiate  the  movement. 
It  was  agreed  that  as  there  always  had  been  and  always 
would  be  the  need  for  the  good  offices  of  such  a  society, 
it  would  be  the  height  of  folly  to  establish  special  wel- 
fare work  for  1915.  With  this  idea  of  permanency  in 
mind,  and  because  there  was  no  time  to  reckon  with  the 

[73] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

mistakes  of  inexperience,  it  was  decided  in  1913  to  ask 
the  New  York  Society  to  give  the  West  the  benefit  of 
its  expert  knowledge.  Accordingly,  Mr.  Baker  was  in- 
vited to  come  to  San  Francisco  for  a  conference,  which 
he  did  in  October  of  that  year.  This  move  was  of  the 
greatest  value.  Early  in  1914,  Mr.  Baker  returned  to 
California  on  the  invitation  of  the  Woman's  Board. 
This  second  conference  resulted  in  the  drawing  up  of 
by-laws  by  Hon.  John  F.  Davis.  They  were  fashioned 
after  those  of  New  York,  Eastern  regulations  as  to  ports 
and  stations  being  adapted  to  the  conditions  in  Cali- 
fornia. Following  this  came  the  incorporation  of  the 
Travelers'  Aid  Society  of  California,  March  13,  1914. 
Before  organization  was  effected,  members  of  the 
Woman's  Board  made  personal  subscriptions  for  the 
support  of  two  aids  to  go  into  training  with  the  Young 
Women's  Christian  Association,  which  at  that  time  was 
using  four  aids  in  its  work.  This  organization  continued 
in  the  field  until  the  new  society  was  ready.  The  need 
for  training  a  large  number  of  workers  and  the  enormity 
of  the  responsibilities  for  1915  brought  another  visit 
from  Mr.  Baker  late  in  1914,  the  New  York  Society 
co-operating  heartily.  He  remained  until  the  beginning 
of  1915,  when  the  California  Society  requested  that  of 
New  York  to  release  Mr.  Baker  for  the  entire  period  of 
the  Exposition.  The  California  Society  expected  to  pay 

[74] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

Mr.  Baker's  salary  and  expenses,  but  that  responsibility 
was  taken  over  by  the  New  York  Society,  which  real- 
ized the  importance  for  the  future  of  the  success  of  the 
Travelers'  Aid  work  during  the  Exposition.  In  addi- 
tion to  Mr.  Baker's  service,  it  furnished  a  trained 
worker  for  San  Francisco  and  sent  a  special  secretary 
so  that  the  work  in  New  York  would  not  suffer.  The 
financial  assistance  of  the  older  society  was  a  very  ma- 
terial help,  but  greater  than  that  was  the  expert  direc- 
tion of  California's  interests  by  Mr.  Baker. 

Each  time  Mr.  Baker  came  West,  he  prepared  an 
itinerary  that  took  him  to  the  important  centers,  and  in 
this  way  supplemented  the  general  propaganda  which 
had  been  carried  on  by  the  Woman's  Board  through  its 
County  Auxiliaries.  This  meant  that  when  the  need 
came  for  material  assistance  during  the  Exposition  year, 
there  was  a  generous  response  from  almost  every  section 
of  the  State. 

San  Diego,  the  other  Exposition  city,  organized  a 
Travelers'  Aid  Society,  as  did  Los  Angeles.  Sacra- 
mento, which  had  long  been  doing  protective  work 
through  the  Young  Women's  Christian  Association,  in- 
creased its  service  and  supported  an  aid  at  San  Fran- 
cisco. Sonoma  County,  through  its  Auxiliary,  supported 
an  aid  for  Exposition  work,  as  did  Santa  Clara  County. 
Being  a  part  of  the  central  society,  Alameda's  contribu- 

[75] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

tion  went  into  the  general  fund.  In  one  way  or  another, 
every  county  in  the  State  contributed  to  this  important 
work.  Women  in  isolated  places,  reasonably  sure  that 
they  would  not  be  able  to  come  to  the  Exposition, 
joined  the  Auxiliary,  that  they  might  in  that  way  do 
their  part  toward  the  success  of  this  great  protective 
measure. 

Another  important  phase  of  Mr.  Baker's  activities 
was  the  training  of  aids.  He  lectured  for  them  each 
week  and  was  ever  helping  novices  in  the  application  of 
Travelers'  Aid  methods.  This  meant  that  by  the  time 
the  Exposition  opened  there  were  a  sufficient  number 
of  trained  workers  ready  for  service.  The  education  of 
aids  never  lapsed,  so  that  there  was  always  a  number  of 
competent  women  available. 

The  number  of  aids  on  duty  varied  from  time  to  time, 
the  largest  force  being  used  during  July,  August  and 
September.  At  one  time  the  Society  was  carrying  a 
force  of  forty-eight,  three  of  whom  were  assigned  to 
the  office  work.  Twenty-two  is  the  minimum  number 
of  aids  required  to  cover  the  work  in  San  Francisco 
and  Oakland  at  any  time.  Every  train  and  boat  coming 
into  San  Francisco  during  the  Exposition  year  was  met 
by  a  Travelers'  Aid  representative.  The  workers  were 
assigned  in  shifts,  so  that  no  woman  worked  longer  than 
the  legal  eight  hours. 

[76] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

One  night  during  the  busiest  season,  a  member  of  the 
board  was  returning  on  an  overdue  boat  from  Sacra- 
mento, and  as  the  steamer  slipped  into  its  berth,  he  won- 
dered if  the  workers  really  met  every  boat,  particularly 
those  which  for  freight  reasons  could  not  hold  to  a 
schedule.  That  particular  night  it  was  as  cold  as  it  was 
late  and  the  wharf  was  a  deserted  place,  but  at  the  foot 
of  the  gang-plank  stood  an  aid,  her  Gold  Star  badge 
telling  the  story  of  her  mission.  This  busy  man  of  affairs 
was  deeply  touched  by  the  picture  of  this  faithful 
worker  at  her  post,  ready  to  help  a  bewildered  traveler 
of  any  age,  but  particularly  on  the  lookout  for  the  girl 
alone  who  might  be  coming  into  the  city  at  that  diffi- 
cult hour. 

Nothing  more  important  was  done  by  the  Travelers' 
Aid  Society  during  the  Exposition  year  than  the  com- 
fortable and  safe  housing  of  the  visitors  that  availed 
themselves  of  its  service.  The  Housing  Department  was 
organized  promptly,  so  that  when  the  increased  travel 
commenced,  it  had  a  long  list  of  suitable  homes  and 
hotels  available  for  immediate  use.  In  these  verified 
locations,  the  traveler  was  assured  of  excellent  moral 
conditions  and  definite  charges. 

During  the  Exposition  months,  the  department 
placed  21,551  persons.  Rooms  were  engaged  by  tele- 
phone, so  that  the  aid  knew  the  accommodation  was 

[77] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

available  at  that  particular  time.  Strangers  were  always 
placed  on  the  right  street  car  or  bus,  and  when  neces- 
sary an  escort  accompanied  the  stranger  to  her  destina- 
tion. Hotel  keepers  were  asked  to  notify  the  Travelers' 
Aid  office  of  their  safe  arrival,  or  the  office  telephoned 
for  the  information.  What  is  termed  follow-up  work 
was  done  whenever  necessary  or  when  it  was  thought 
advisable.  In  this  way,  many  a  young  woman  was 
put  in  touch  with  the  right  kind  of  companions  or 
institutions. 

In  reviewing  what  was  accomplished  in , San  Fran- 
cisco, Mr.  Baker  says  without  hesitation  that  the  activi- 
ties of  the  housing  department  during  the  Exposition 
constituted  the  finest  protective  work  of  its  kind  ever 
done.  In  submitting  his  report,  the  head  of  this  depart- 
ment said  of  the  future  of  this  particular  phase  of  Trav- 
elers' Aid  work,  that  with  an  adequate  force  of  work- 
ers, and  not  losing  the  hotel  man's  side  of  the  question, 
a  great  deal  of  incoming  traffic  can  be  turned  into 
proper  channels.  The  struggling  hotel  man  can  be  made 
to  see  that  it  pays  to  be  decent.  Virtue  can  be  commer- 
cialized as  well  as  vice  has  been  in  the  past.  Loosely- 
conducted  hotels  can  be  brought  into  line  and  San  Fran- 
cisco may  have  a  reputation  the  country  over  for  fair 
treatment  as  well  as  hospitality. 

In  addition  to  the  comprehensive  work  done  at  the 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

stations  and  docks,  three  or  four  expert  aids  were  con- 
stantly on  duty  at  the  Exposition,  the  directors  of  which 
gave  them  headquarters  in  the  Service  Building.  Mr. 
Alvin  E.  Pope,  in  charge  of  the  Departments  of  Educa- 
tion and  Social  Science,  facilitated  the  establishment  of 
a  rest  room  and  general  headquarters  in  the  Palace  of 
Education.  The  Woman's  Board  provided  further  ac- 
commodations in  the  California  Building,  furnishing 
an  adequate  office  for  the  use  of  aids.  All  these  stations 
were  of  the  greatest  value  to  the  aids  and  a  comfort  to 
thousands  of  visitors. 

The  Catholic  Society  for  Befriending  Girls  was  one 
of  the  excellent  co-operating  influences  at  the  Exposi- 
tion. This  organization  was  formed  a  few  years  ago  in 
San  Francisco  under  the  direction  of  His  Grace,  Arch- 
bishop E.  J.  Hanna,  and  is  a  branch  of  the  Catholic 
International  Association  which  was  organized  in  1896 
at  Fribourg,  Switzerland.  The  European  society  con- 
ducts most  carefully-considered  Travelers'  Aid  work 
and  co-operates  with  the  New  York  Society.  In  turn, 
the  San  Francisco  branch  co-operates  with  the  local 
Travelers'  Aid,  Archbishop  Hanna,  its  sponsor,  being 
one  of  the  vice-presidents  of  the  California  Society. 
Definite  connection  was  established  between  this  branch 
and  the  Woman's  Board  through  one  of  its  members, 
Mrs.  Joseph  A.  Donohoe,  who  was  also  chairman  of  the 

[79] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

rest  room  work.  She  gave  many  hours  each  day  to  its 
direction. 

At  the  Exposition,  the  Society  for  Befriending  Girls 
maintained  a  rest  room  in  the  Palace  of  Horticulture, 
headquarters  being  arranged  for  it  by  Mr.  George  A. 
Dennison,  Chief  of  Horticulture.  To  this  attractive 
room  all  girls  were  welcomed.  Young  women  employed 
at  the  Exposition  were  the  first  to  avail  themselves  of  its 
privileges.  Hot  coffee,  tea  and  chocolate  were  served 
free  during  the  noon  hours,  the  guests  of  the  society 
bringing  their  lunches.  They  were  served  by  the  Aux- 
iliary members,  daughters  of  the  women  who  composed 
the  society.  One  secretary,  one  maid  and  a  night  matron 
were  the  only  employees.  From  early  March  to  the  close 
of  the  Exposition  nearly  25,000  girls  enjoyed  these  com- 
fortable headquarters.  They  were  open  from  eight 
o'clock  in  the  morning  until  ten  o'clock  at  night  during 
the  summer  months.  Later,  as  the  need  for  it  decreased 
by  reason  of  the  shorter  days,  the  hours  were  changed.  A 
night  matron  was  employed  during  the  months  of  the 
largest  attendance  and  was  on  call  for  any  one  who 
needed  her  services.  This  feature  was  greatly  appre- 
ciated, as  some  of  the  Travelers'  Aid  headquarters,  by 
reason  of  the  Exposition  rules,  closed  early. 

In  addition  to  the  service  open  to  all,  assistance  and 
positions  were  given  to  some  1500  persons.  Some  were 

[80] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

located  in  homes,  others  had  the  benefit  of  general  guid- 
ance and  an  unlimited  number  were  given  first  aid  help. 
There  was  absolutely  no  charge  for  any  service  in  this 
rest  room,  but  many  of  the  young  women,  appreciative 
of  its  shelter  and  comfort,  often  added  a  small  contribu- 
tion to  the  general  fund. 

The  history  of  the  National  Young  Women's  Chris- 
tian Association  at  the  Exposition  is  a  remarkable  one, 
and  its  co-operative  work  was  most  efficient.  This  As- 
sociation conducted  one  of  the  most  popular  eating 
places  at  the  Exposition — a  cafeteria.  In  addition  to 
this  responsibility,  it  had  well-equipped  rest  rooms;  it 
secured  employment  for  thousands,  opened  a  nursery, 
and  in  short  was  ready  at  all  times  for  all-round  co- 
operation. Mrs.  John  F.  Merrill,  a  member  of  the 
Woman's  Board,  was  chairman  of  the  Exposition  Com- 
mittee of  the  Young  Women's  Christian  Association. 

In  addition  to  all  the  Travelers'  Aid  service  and  the 
general  co-operation  of  welfare  bodies,  there  was  need 
for  an  educational  campaign,  because,  strange  to  say, 
too  little  is  known  of  the  extent  of  the  movement.  With 
this  need  in  mind  Mr.  Baker  sent  to  New  York  and 
from  his  treasure  store  brought  to  the  Exposition  a  most 
comprehensive  exhibit,  showing  the  extent  and  kind  of 
work  being  done  throughout  the  country.  Mr.  Alvin 
Pope  extended  every  courtesy  for  its  best  presentation 

[81] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

in  the  Palace  of  Education.  The  collection  showed  what 
was  being  done  by  non-sectarian  Travelers'  Aid  Soci- 
eties and  by  sectarian  organizations  doing  Travelers7 
Aid  work.  The  reports  and  exemplars  were  shown  on 
fifty  mats  arranged  according  to  States.  They  explained 
the  development  of  the  work  from  the  beginning  and 
the  methods  employed  here  and  abroad.  There  were 
photographs  of  buildings  and  offices  and  rest  rooms. 
Perhaps  the  most  interesting  and  distinctive  feature  of 
this  exhibit  was  a  map  showing  the  manner  of  world- 
co-operation.  Another  most  interesting  record  was  a  re- 
port of  the  World  Conference  of  Station  Workers  in 
Berne,  Switzerland,  in  June,  1910. 

It  is  significant  and  of  great  value  to  know  exactly 
what  this  great  protective  work  cost  during  1915.  Ex- 
clusive of  the  donation  of  service  and  salary  from  the 
New  York  Society,  and  assistance  of  many  kinds  in 
California*  that  cannot  be  counted  in  money,  this  work 
cost  $28,167,  fully  one-half  of  which  was  contributed 
by  the  Woman's  Board  officially  and  by  subscriptions 
by  members  personally  and  through  their  solicitation. 

As  soon  as  the  new  incorporation  took  over  all  the 
Travelers'  Aid  responsibilities,  the  Woman's  Board 
became  a  co-operating  organization.  Nothing  under- 
taken by  the  Exposition  women  was  so  jealously 
guarded  as  this  welfare  work  it  had  brought  into  being. 

[82] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

Transmuted  into  terms  of  dollars,  this  solicitude  makes 
the  following  notable  record: 

General  subscriptions $  4,606.50 

Woman's  Board 6,000.00 

Mrs.  Phoebe  A.  Hearst 4,230.00 

Total $14,836,50 

Analyzed,  "general  subscriptions"  means  that  the 
money  was  given  by  the  board  as  individuals,  by  out- 
side stockholders  and  from  County  Auxiliaries.  The 
Woman's  Board  made  its  first  donation  to  the  work  by 
giving  $1000  toward  organization  expenses.  It  then  ar- 
ranged for  a  subscription  of  $100  a  month  for  fifteen 
months  until  the  close  of  the  Exposition.  With  the 
greater  need  in  months  of  heaviest  travel  that  amount 
was  increased  until  the  total  official  subscription 
reached  $6000.  Mrs.  Hearst's  more  than  generous  sup- 
port was  in  keeping  with  her  attitude  toward  every  en- 
deavor for  the  success  of  the  Exposition  and  the  well- 
being  of  the  State. 

Mrs.  Edgar  J.  De  Pue,  chairman  of  Yolo  County  and 
an  associate  member  of  the  Woman's  Board,  who  also 
became  a  director  of  the  Travelers'  Aid  Board,  handled 
the  special  subscriptions.  She  sent  authorization  cards 
to  the  Auxiliary  chairmen  and  sub-chairmen  throughout 
the  State  for  special  monthly  subscriptions  during  the 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

Exposition  year.  The  plea  met  with  a  generous  response. 
Between  three  and  four  hundred  dollars  was  collected 
every  month  in  this  way.  Santa  Clara,  Sonoma  and  Sac- 
ramento Counties  each  supported  a  trained  worker 
through  the  Exposition  period. 

When  the  Exposition  closed,  the  Gold  Star  badge  had 
an  interesting  record  to  its  account,  for  it  had  been  seen 
and  noted  by  136,491  people,  that  being  the  number  of 
travelers  assisted  from  January  ist  to  December  4,  1915. 
The  kind  of  service  rendered  to  this  army  of  people  met 
every  possible  contingency.  Direction  and  information 
were  given,  lodgings  secured,  safe  conduct  afforded 
when  necessary,  and  protection  always.  All  this  cour- 
teous attention  and  protection  never  cost  a  traveler  one 
penny. 

And  at  the  last,  the  stockholders  of  the  Woman's 
Board  voted  to  make  the  Travelers'  Aid  Society  its 
residuary  legatee,  giving  in  this  way  to  the  cause  ap- 
proximately $10,000  extra  as  the  nucleus  of  a  fund  that 
will  recall  in  the  years  to  come  the  City  that  Passed 
but  from  which  a  good  Travelers'  Aid  Dream  came 
true. 


CHAPTER  V 


D 


California  Building 


URING  the  Exposition,  the  Woman's  Board  lived 
officially  in  the  California  Host  Building,  that  dis- 
tinctive, dominating  central  part  of  the  great  Mission 
"compound,"  directly  under  "The  Towers."  Within  and 
without,  it  was  a  comfortable  and  a  beautiful  domicile, 
so  picturesque  that  it  was  a  constant  stimulus  to  play- 
ful imagination.  Every  phase  of  the  life  there  con- 
tributed to  the  living-in-a-story-book  feeling  that  was 
one  of  the  real  delights  of  the  wonderful  year. 

All  the  southern  windows  looked  upon  the  reproduc- 
tion of  the  "Forbidden  Garden"  of  Santa  Barbara,  for- 
bidden because  it  was  the  retreat  for  prayer  and  medi- 
tation of  the  Franciscan  friars  who  wandered  half  the 
length  of  California  to  found  the  far-famed  Missions. 
Its  namesake  seen  from  the  windows  under  the  Towers 
had  an  alluring  beauty.  Fenced  in  by  a  maze  of  tall 
cypress  hedges,  there  were  inviting  entrances  through 
little  gates  marked  with  a  cross.  In  the  center  was  the 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

well  with  its  burbling  fountain,  and  just  beyond  that 
the  pepper  and  palm  trees  and  the  several  kinds  of  cac- 
tus without  which  no  garden  of  early  California  was 
complete. 

Everywhere  in  this  romantic  garden  were  colors  defy- 
ing the  conventions  of  a  painter's  palette.  The  blue- 
bells, the  fox-gloves,  the  lobelia,  the  hollyhocks,  the 
roses,  the  heliotrope,  the  stocks,  the  marigolds,  the  mar- 
guerites, the  mignonette,  the  wall-flower,  all  the  old- 
fashioned,  sweet-growing  things  beloved  of  every  one. 
They  snuggled  up  and  grew  in  crowded  happiness 
throughout  the  long  beautiful  months.  Small  wonder  it 
was  that  every  kind  of  a  song  bird  came  to  live  in  this 
garden.  Just  outside  its  protecting  hedges  were  orange 
trees  in  riotous  bloom  during  the  early  months  of  the 
Exposition  and  in  full  fruit  before  it  closed.  Exquisite 
perfume  distilled  in  this  beauty-garden  was  ever  steal- 
ing through  the  casement  windows  which  opened  upon 
the  south  and  the  sunshine. 

This  garden  of  so  many  delights  was  in  the  patio 
formed  by  the  interesting  construction  of  the  California 
Building  and  after  the  fashion  of  the  Spanish-Califor- 
nia days.  Arcaded  entrance  walks  at  the  sides  gave 
exquisite  lines  and  shadows  to  the  scene.  Beyond  all 
this  intimate  beauty  were  the  Exposition  palaces, 
gay  with  their  color  and  bunting,  and  further  yet, 

[86] 


"BLESSING  THE  FLOWERS" 
A  PAINTING  BY  ORRIN  PECK 

THIS  PICTURE,  DONE  IN  THE  REAL  "FORBIDDEN  GARDEN" 
IN  SANTA  BARBARA  AND  WHICH  HUNG  IN  THE 

RECEPTION  ROOM  OF  THE 
CALIFORNIA  HOST  BUILDING  WAS  OF  UNUSUAL  INTEREST 

BECAUSE  OF  ITS  COUNTERPART  IN  THE  PATIO 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

were  the  encircling  hills  of  the  city  and  those  of  the 
Presidio. 

The  Woman's  Board  was  particularly  fortunate  to 
be  able  to  hang  in  an  appropriate  arch  leading  to  the 
reception  room,  a  painting  of  the  real  "Forbidden  Gar- 
den" by  Orrin  Peck,  one  of  California's  notable  artists. 
It  was  called  "Blessing  the  Flowers."  This  painting 
might  have  been  done  of  the  exquisite  garden  in  sight, 
except  for  the  presence  of  three  Franciscan  friars  stand- 
ing by  the  well.  As  it  was,  they  gave  a  better  understand- 
ing, of  its  significance. 

At  night  the  magic  lighting  of  the  Exposition  stole 
through  the  small-paned  windows,  bringing  with  it  the 
mystic  beauty  of  the  vista.  This  charm,  during  all  the 
hours  of  the  twenty-four,  ever  suggested  the  environ- 
ment of  peace  there  would  have  been  there  for  cloistered 
friars,  if  the  California  Building  had  been  a  real  mon- 
astery instead  of  a  charming  make-believe. 

In  other  vistas  from  other  windows  were  roof  gardens 
and  arcades  in  which  Mission  bells  swung,  where  seg- 
ments of  sculptured  art  on  the  palaces  were  outlined 
against  the  blue  of  the  California  skies,  where  glim- 
mering and  glistening  was  the  top  of  the  Tower  of 
Jewels,  and  where  stretches  of  the  bay  were  beautiful 
with  each  mood  of  the  day.  Everywhere  there  was 
diverting  interest  so  that  it  was  not  always  easy  to  re- 

[881 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

member  that  these  attractive  headquarters  were  meant 
for  work  as  well  as  play. 

Jurisdiction  over  this  section  of  the  California  Build- 
ing came  with  the  responsibility  assumed  by  the  women 
to  be  official  hostesses  for  California  as  well  as  to  co- 
operate with  the  Exposition  directorate  along,  all  need- 
ful lines.  The  Board  required  ample  room  for  its  admin- 
istrative measures  as  well  as  for  the  playtimes  for  its 
visitors  from  everywhere.  All  this  was  outlined  by 
George  W.  Kelham  of  the  architectural  commission 
when  he  turned  over  the  responsibility  of  the  drawings 
for  the  California  Building  and  its  construction  to  T.  H. 
F.  Burditt.  This  young  man  combined  in  the  design  of 
this  edifice,  which  covered  almost  seven  acres,  all  the 
"Mission  motifs,"  prized  as  the  artistic  architectural 
heritage  from  the  romantic  days  of  California. 

Entrance  to  the  California  Building  was  through  a 
vaulted  foyer,  opening  from  the  arcaded  walk  and  the 
wonderful  garden.  Having  entered,  one  saw  through 
one  arch  after  another,  a  vista  of  charm.  Through  three 
of  them  was  seen  the  stately  reception  room,  another  led 
to  the  section  where  all  the  products  of  California  were 
on  display  and  others  to  the  ballroom  and  the  prome- 
nade which  led  to  the  arcaded  veranda  facing  directly 
upon  the  Marina,  San  Francisco  Bay  with  its  fortified 
islands  and  the  mountains  on  the  other  shore. 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

It  was  on  the  second  story  that  the  business  of  the 
Woman's  Board  was  conducted.  From  this  floor  the 
roof  garden  opened.  What  was  originally  designated  as 
"The  Board  Room,"  but  which  was  used  exclusively  for 
entertaining,  was  in  the  third  story.  Opening  on  the  east 
to  the  beauty  of  the  morning  and  on  the  west  to  the 
splendor  of  the  sunset,  this  great  room,  sixty  by  sixty 
feet  and  reaching  twenty-five  feet  to  its  beamed  ceiling, 
was  entertainingly  attractive  by  day.  It  was  equally  so 
at  night  with  its  cheerful  furnishings  and  diffused  light- 
ing. From  this  floor  the  ever-changing  beauty  of  the  bay 
and  the  abiding  charm  of  the  Exposition  palaces  could 
be  enjoyed  from  an  accessible  tower. 

Furnishing  and  equipping  this  commodious  building 
was  a  problem.  It  was  solved  by  a  committee  composed 
of  Mrs.  Phoebe  A.  Hearst,  chairman;  Mrs.  William  S. 
Tevis,  Mrs.  George  A.  Pope,  Miss  Laura  L.  McKins- 
try,  Mrs.  Joseph  D.  Grant,  Mrs.  Jesse  W.  Lilienthal, 
Mrs.  Horace  D.  Pillsbury,  Mrs.  William  Hinckley 
Taylor,  Mrs.  C.  Edward  Holmes,  Mrs.  Charles  W. 
Slack  and  Mrs.  Sigmund  Stern. 

In  the  beginning,  the  committee  for  conference  with 
the  Architectural  Commission  of  the  Exposition,  com- 
posed of  Mrs.  William  S.  Tevis,  Miss  Laura  L.  Mc- 
Kinstry,  Mrs.  Phoebe  A.  Hearst  and  Mrs.  Edward  C. 
Wright,  arranged  for  special  features  in  the  furnishing 

[90] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

scheme.  In  this  way  suitable  provision  was  made  for 
the  four  famous  Goblin  tapestries  which  were  lent  by 
Mrs.  Phoebe  A.  Hearst  for  the  reception  room.  Their 
size  determined  the  dimensions  of  the  arches  in  which 
they  were  hung,  in  fact  the  entire  room  was  designed 
and  furnished  with  reference  to  them,  the  result  being, 
an  elegant,  dignified  combination  of  color  and  comfort. 
Mrs.  Hearst  further  established  the  harmony  of  this 
notable  room  by  contributing  the  great  rugs  which  she 
had  to  have  made  in  Scotland. 

With  these  fundamentals  arranged  for,  the  commit- 
tee planned  suitable  furniture,  no  easy  matter  because 
they  had  to  think  in  terms  of  heroic  dimensions. 
The  size  of  the  reception  room  tells  the  story.  It  was 
fifty-five  by  ninety-one  feet  and  the  walls  twenty-three 
and  a  half  feet  high.  The  beamed  ceiling  was  of  walnut's 
soft  brown,  and  the  walls,  both  in  hue  and  texture,  were 
of  travertine  which  dominated  the  Exposition. 

Taking  the  colors  from  the  tapestries  and  from  the 
harmonizing  walls  and  ceiling,  the  appointments  were 
charmingly  developed.  The  center  of  the  rugs  was 
taupe.  The  border  was  a  scroll  of  travertine  hue  on  ruby 
red,  the  very  edges  of  the  rugs  being  black.  The  tables 
and  frames  of  the  chairs  and  settees  were  of  walnut.  The 
damask  and  velvet  used  for  the  settees  and  some  of  the 
chairs  repeated  the  red  in  the  rugs.  Other  chairs  were 

[91] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

done  in  a  red  travertine  color  brocade  and  several  in 
green  and  travertine.  Curtains  of  brocade  in  travertine 
hues  hung  in  the  center  arch  leading  to  this  room  and 
the  same  color  was  repeated  in  silk  curtains  at  the  win- 
dows which  opened  upon  the  patio. 

The  color  scheme  of  the  reception  room  was  carried 
into  the  foyer.  A  circular  seat  about  the  Italian  foun- 
tain was  upholstered  in  burgundy  damask.  Commodious 
chairs  of  the  same  color  were  in  velvet.  Large  tables 
and  upholstered  chairs  were  well  placed.  Two  alcoves 
were  fitted  up  for  writing,  and  newspapers  were  always 
on  file.  Cheery  lamps  on  the  tables  added  their  charm. 

Because  this  foyer  was  fifty-four  feet  square  it  accom- 
modated all  this  furniture,  fittingly  large,  and  yet  there 
was  ample  room  for  the  crowds  that  passed  through  it 
to  the  reception  room,  the  ballroom  and  to  the  offices 
above.  It  served  all  the  purposes  of  an  entrance  hall,  it 
was  an  extra  sitting-room  as  well  as  a  reading  and  writ- 
ing-room. One  interest  never  interfered  with  another 
and  neither  one  was  ever  conspicuous.  It  was  certainly 
a  composite  of  comfort.  The  center  of  the  vaulted  ceil- 
ing was  twenty-eight  feet  from  the  fountain,  and  in  the 
clearing  hung  a  great  wrought-iron  chandelier  of 
candles  belonging  exactly  to  the  period  of  the  room. 

The  ballroom,  acknowledged  by  visitors  from  all 
parts  of  the  world  to  be  one  of  the  best  planned  and  most 

[92] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

beautiful  they  had  ever  seen,  was  one  hundred  and 
twenty  feet  long  by  fifty-five  feet  wide  and  nearly  forty- 
three  high.  A  gallery  twelve  feet  wide  and  twenty  feet 
high  over  a  promenade  of  twelve  feet,  was  built  entirely 
around  the  room.  This  latter  feature  made  it  possible  for 
those  who  did  not  dance  to  watch  comfortably  those 
who  did  and  to  have  festivities  quite  apart  from  them. 
By  three  large  arches  the  ballroom  opened  directly  from 
the  reception  room,  thereby  adding  great  beauty  and 
dignity  to  the  functions  which  combined  a  reception 
and  ball. 

The  mural  handling,  of  the  ballroom  was  in  such  or- 
nate but  exquisite  taste  that  the  question  of  furnishing 
was  easily  settled.  In  color  and  texture  the  room  was 
travertine,  except  in  the  galleries  where  delicate  pink,  a 
complement  of  the  Exposition  red,  was  used.  There  was 
scarcely  an  inch  of  the  walls  or  the  columns  of  this  great 
room  which  was  not  covered  with  design,  but  it  was 
absolutely  unobtrusive,  being  deftly  repeated  until  it 
became  formal  and  conventional.  The  ceiling  was  geo- 
metric in  design.  Decorations  were  not  needed,  the  room 
was  so  festively  complete,  but  the  neutral  color  made 
exactly  the  right  background  for  the  flags  of  all  nations 
which  were  hung  many  times  from  the  balcony. 

Furnishing  for  the  ballroom  meant  travertine-colored 
silk  for  the  long  windows,  upholstered  soft-toned  cush- 

[94] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

ions  for  seats  around  every  column  under  the  gallery 
and  thousands  of  gold  and  travertine-enameled  chairs. 
In  the  gallery  alone  a  thousand  chairs  were  none  too 
many.  During  the  day  the  light  streamed  into  this  room 
through  amber-colored  glass.  At  night,  as  in  all  other 
parts  of  the  Exposition,  not  a  light  was  to  be  seen,  but  it 
was  everywhere  in  beautiful  diffusion. 

Every  afternoon  but  Sunday,  the  public  was  invited 
to  dance  in  this  attractive  ballroom.  The  Woman's 
Board  arranged  for  dansants  with  the  best  of  music, 
commencing  at  three  o'clock  and  lasting  two  hours  or 
longer,  according  to  the  day  or  the  occasion.  The  time 
was  extended  on  Saturdays  and  for  special  celebrations. 
The  dansants  were  absolutely  free,  but  there  was  tea 
for  those  desiring  the  service.  Tables  could  be  re- 
served and  never  a  day  passed  without  many  and  large 
parties.  This  feature  made  entertaining  easy  for  San 
Franciscans  as  well  as  for  visitors.  These  gay  hours  made 
the  California  Building  a  veritable  Mecca  every  after- 
noon and  the  Woman's  Board  kept  such  careful  super- 
vision of  this  popular  feature  there  was  not  one  unpleas- 
ant circumstance  to  mar  the  entire  period.  Mrs.  Putnam 
Griswold  was  the  hostess-in-charge.  Most  unusually  ex- 
ecutive and  competent,  she  carried  the  active  responsi- 
bility of  the  dansants  through  the  entire  ten  months  of 
the  Exposition. 

[95] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

Ladies  from  the  different  bay  counties  received  the 
guests  of  the  California  Building  each  afternoon.  They 
extended  their  greetings  in  the  reception  room,  giving 
a  delightful  home  atmosphere  to  the  Host  Building. 
This  pleasant  responsibility  was  shared  by  the  ladies  of 
San  Francisco,  Alameda,  Marin,  Contra  Costa,  San 
Mateo  and  Santa  Clara  counties.  They  were  assisted  in 
receiving  by  the  Auxiliary  members  from  more  remote 
counties  when  they  could  be  at  the  Exposition.  During 
the  first  two  months  special  receiving  parties  assisted  on 
what  were  known  as  "County  Days." 

The  handsome  "Board  Room"  on  the  third  floor  was 
furnished  as  an  exhibit  from  the  Herter  Looms  of  New 
York.  In  addition  to  the  original  arrangement  in  this 
room,  Mrs.  Phoebe  A.  Hearst  lent  three  fine  old  Gobelin 
tapestries  which  added  greatly  to  its  dignity  and  to 
its  charm.  Most  of  the  furniture  was  red  lacquer  in 
finish  and  suitably  upholstered.  The  curtains,  of  splen- 
did texture,  at  the  six  immense  windows  recalled  the 
color  of  the  furniture  and  the  rugs.  On  one  wall  hung 
a  Herter  tapestry.  Floor  covering  and  some  pieces  of 
furniture  in  neutral  tones  made  a  well-considered  foil 
for  the  red.  In  gala  decoration  for  luncheons,  teas  and 
dinners,  this  room  was  a  really  beautiful  picture. 

The  large  corridor  outside  was  discreetly  furnished 
so  as  not  to  clash  with  the  unusual  coloring  of  the  Board 

[96] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

Room  and  served  as  a  reception  hall.  An  elevator  led  to 
the  upper  floors,  but  all  the  halls  and  stairs  were  cov- 
ered with  velvet  carpet,  making  every  approach  at- 
tractive. 

The  office  floor  contained  eleven  rooms,  none  too 
many  for  the  never-ceasing  activities  of  the  Woman's 
Board.  They  were  furnished  according  to  their  needs 
and  some  of  them  in  beautiful  elaboration  by  the  mem- 
bers to  whom  they  were  assigned. 

When  the  Woman's  Board  agreed  "to  furnish  and 
maintain  and  administer"  the  California  Building,  it 
had  an  abundance  of  faith  and  enthusiastic  willingness 
to  work,  but  really  a  most  indefinite  idea  as  to  the  ex- 
tent of  its  responsibility.  The  question  of  furnishing, 
they  understood ;  they  knew  that  money  and  plenty  of  it 
would  be  required  for  maintenance,  but  it  faced  "ad- 
ministration" with  a  courage  that  was  as  blind  as  pro- 
verbial love.  But  great,  good  fortune  attended  them  in 
this  adventure. 

Because  of  rare  executive  ability  and  an  absolute 
fidelity  to  any  trust,  both  attributes  well  proven  in  other 
years,  Mrs.  Sanborn  appointed  Mrs.  Charles  W.  Slack 
as  chairman  of  what  was  called  the  "booking  commit- 
tee." Mrs.  Slack  was  given  two  assistants,  but  in  the 
very  nature  of  the  obligation  and  because  it  was  con- 
tinuous, the  "booking"  soon  became  the  sole  responsi- 

[97] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

bility  of  the  chairman.  The  term  "booking"  was  found 
to  be  most  elastic,  including  about  every  concern,  both 
within  and  without  the  California  Building.  Mrs. 
Slack  was  not  absent  one  day  during  the  entire  Exposi- 
tion. If  she  had  done  nothing  but  "book"  the  events  in 
the  California  Host  Building,  it  would  have  been  a 
distinct  and  very  full  responsibility  for  one  more-than- 
competent  woman  because  all  the  official  entertaining 
was  done  there  besides  many  functions  given  by  Foreign 
and  State  Commissioners.  In  addition  to  all  this,  the  use 
of  the  ballroom  was  accorded  to  a  long  list  of  clubs, 
conventions,  congresses  and  fraternities  for  their  social 
gatherings. 

In  all,  four  hundred  and  eighty-seven  applications 
were  made  for  the  use  of  some  part  of  the  California 
Building.  That  involved,  besides  interviews,  the  writing 
of  five  hundred  and  seventy-three  letters.  Six  hundred 
and  fifteen  festivities  held  in  various  parts  of  the  Host 
Building  were  booked  by  Mrs.  Slack.  The  segregation 
of  this  array  is  interesting.  There  were  given  one  hun- 
dred and  sixty  balls,  two  hundred  and  forty  tea  dances, 
thirty-nine  Sunday  chamber  music  concerts,  twelve 
additional  concerts,  sixteen  "at  homes"  by  the  Woman's 
Board,  eleven  banquets  in  the  Tea  Room,  twenty-one 
special  luncheons  in  the  Tea  Room. 

Because  of  the  unexpected  problems  arising,  the  re- 

[98] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

sponsibility  of  the  "booking"  of  the  California  Host 
Building  could  not  have  rested  on  an  employee,  and  in 
point  of  fact  no  paid  service  could  have  been  secured 
for  this  unusual  demand  upon  time  and  good  judgment. 
Official  decisions  had  to  be  made  every  day  and  many 
times,  when  the  question  could  not  have  been  formally 
"moved,  seconded  and  carried."  Not  even  the  President 
of  the  Exposition  could  have  secured  a  date  in  the  Cali- 
fornia Building  without  consultation  with  Mrs.  Slack. 
No  other  course  was  possible. 

It  does  not  require  any  hard  thinking  to  realize  that 
the  successful  conduct  of  such  a  building  where  some- 
thing was  happening  all  the  time,  was  a  distinct  achieve- 
ment. Dates  and  events  had  to  be  adjusted  and  recon- 
ciled, the  people  who  saw  no  way  out  of  their  enter- 
taining difficulties  had  to  be  helped  and  counseled,  pro- 
vision had  to  be  made  for  special  days  and  there  were 
many  of  them,  besides  the  come-day,  go-day,  God- 
bring-Sunday  responsibilities  that  were  always  present. 

When  the  Exposition  closed  there  were  no  complica- 
tions to  be  adjusted  in  the  California  Host  Building. 
There  were  no  regrets.  Every  one  was  happy.  For  Mrs. 
Slack  to  have  brought  this  order  out  of  possible  chaos 
meant  patience,  wisdom  and  a  calm  outlook  when  one 
issue  after  another  came  up  for  adjustment.  It  meant 
that  many  a  time  she  had  to  stay  at  her  post  when  pleas- 

[99] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

ure  and  diversion  was  calling  on  every  side.  Mrs.  Slack's 
co-workers  on  the  Board  had  the  most  sincere  appre- 
ciation of  their  debt  to  her  and  they  tried  to  express  it 
by  resolution  and  by  personal  acknowledgment,  but  they 
all  realized  that  what  they  could  say  was  quite  inade- 
quate. They  knew  that  they  could  go  about  their  respec- 
tive duties  and  pleasures  with  never  a  thought  of  ap- 
prehension, for  everything  was  always  well  at  the  Cali- 
fornia Host  Building. 


CHAPTER  VI 


H 


Entertainment 


.OSPITALITY  in  California,  as  far  as  the  rest  of  the 
world  is  concerned,  seems  to  have  a  reputation  quite  its 
own.  The  members  of  the  Woman's  Board  tacitly  agreed 
to  take  good  care  of  that  reputation  when  they  became 
"official  hostesses"  for  the  Exposition.  That  they  had 
become  sponsors  for  a  most  comprehensive  obligation 
they  knew,  but  to  them  it  could  be  fulfilled  by  simply 
being  "at  home." 

As  the  weeks  grouped  themselves  into  months,  the 
women  stopped  once  in  a  while  to  try  to  analyze  why  so 
many  complimentary  things  were  said  about  the  hospi- 
tality of  the  West,  while  to  them  the  courtesies  extended 
by  Californians  at  any  time  were  simple  enough  and 
merely  expressive  of  sincerely  felt  good-will.  They  con- 
cluded that  California,  per  se,  was  hospitable.  It  had 
sunshine  enough  and  to  spare,  it  had  "goodies"  enough 
to  divide,  and  it  had  beauty  of  land  and  sea  for  all  to 
enjoy.  It  was  decided  that  if  the  men  and  women  of  the 

[101] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

land*  were- -enthusiastically  cordial,  and  that,  quite  un- 
consciously, they  were  but  reflecting  the  prodigality  of 
the  land  in  which  they  lived — a  kindly,  fair,  inviting 
land.  They  loved  it  and  wanted  everybody  else  to  share 
their  privileges. 

Trying  to  understand  still  more  clearly,  this  analysis 
was  carried  to  its  last  terms  and  it  showed  without  ques- 
tion that  Californians  talk  about  their  comfortable  home 
country  as  ingenuously  as  children,  but  ever  in  the 
background  is  the  undefined  desire  to  divide  its  blessings 
with  every  one  who  crosses  the  border.  Further  than 
that,  it  seems  to  be  the  business  of  Californians  to  coax 
every  one  to  cross  that  border,  but  once  the  peoples  from 
elsewhere  listen  to  the  songs  of  the  sirens  of  the  West 
and  come  to  see  the  singers,  they  find  that  the  words  are 
backed  by  deeds.  Then  the  women  concluded  that  that 
must  be  what  the  world  calls  "California  Hospitality." 
But  whatever  it  is,  or  however  it  is  dispensed,  it  seems 
to  belong  here  and  individually  and  collectively  the 
people  of  the  State  are  all  concerned  with  its  preserva- 
tion. This  was  particularly  so  when  the  wonderful  Ex- 
position was  the  attraction.  So  when  San  Francisco  in- 
vited the  world  to  call  in  1915,  it  simply  meant  that 
every  latch-string  in  California  was  on  the  outside. 

Official  hospitality  was  crystallized  at  the  Exposition 
in  the  California  Building,  but  radiating  from  that  was 

[102] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

the  hospitality  of  the  individuals,  one  which  opened 
the  homes  of  California,  showing  that  a  California  wel- 
come is  but  an  aggregation  of  the  joy  and  enthusiasm 
of  the  individual. 

In  the  spirit  of  good  fellowship,  the  Exposition 
planned  its  entertaining.  The  women  were,  in  the  very 
nature  of  things,  and  because  they  had  agreed  to  be, 
the  official  hostesses.  They  found  the  responsibility  full 
of  charm  and  interest.  It  was  nevertheless  a  responsi- 
bility and  in  the  details  of  its  fulfilment  head  and  heart 
had  to  work  together.  There  were  committees  and  a 
most  sincere  individual  co-operation  in  the  big  scheme 
of  entertainment,  but  as  in  every  great  undertaking, 
the  real  direction  became  the  definite  obligation  of  one 
person.  As  the  California  Building  was  a  comfortable, 
orderly  official  home,  because  of  the  good  judgment 
and  the  constant  watchfulness  of  Mrs.  Charles  W.  Slack, 
so  the  official  entertainment  was  an  acknowledged  and 
conspicuous  success  because  its  administration  was  in 
charge  of  Miss  Laura  Livingston  McKinstry,  one  of  the 
organizers  of  the  Woman's  Board  and  one  of  the  mem- 
bers who  was  "on  duty"  from  the  actual  beginning  of 
Exposition  activities  until  their  picturesque  close. 

Mrs.  Hearst  was  the  honorary  chairman  of  the  com- 
mittee on  entertainment  and  in  that  capacity  her  ser- 
vice was  notable  and  extensive.  An  appended  list  will 

[  104] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

bear  testimony  to  her  conspicuous  contribution  to  this 
phase  of  the  Exposition. 

Miss  McKinstry's  committee,  which  was  always 
ready  for  specific  service,  was  composed  of  Mrs.  San- 
born,  in  her  ex-officio  capacity,  Mrs.  Henry  T.  Scott, 
Mrs.  Prentiss  C.  Hale,  Mrs.  M.  C.  Sloss,  Mrs.  Edwin 
F.  Dimond,  Mrs.  Horace  D.  Pillsbury,  Mrs.  William 
T.  Sesnon,  Mrs.  William  Hinckley  Taylor,  Mrs.  Philip 
E.  Bowles,  Mrs.  Robert  Oxnard,  Mrs.  Joseph  A.  Dono- 
hoe,  Mrs.  William  S.  Tevis,  Mrs.  Charles  W.  Slack, 
Mrs.  Edgar  J.  De  Pue  and  Mrs.  Laurance  Irving  Scott. 
The  unending  detail,  from  the  sending  out  of  invita- 
tions to  the  seating  of  the  last  and  often  the  unexpected 
guests,  was  the  responsibility  of  the  chairman,  and  that 
responsibility  was  immeasurable. 

Miss  McKinstry  was  most  conspicuously  qualified  to 
handle  this  important  work.  Besides  a  rare  kind  of  ex- 
ecutive ability,  the  kind  that  places  actual  work  side 
by  side  with  direction,  she  had  had  a  world-wide  social 
experience.  To  her  secretary  she  could  delegate  many 
duties,  but  decisions  could  be  made  only  by  an  official. 
There  was  precedence  to  be  considered,  there  were 
strangers  to  be  made  welcome  and  comfortable,  there 
were  menus  to  be  selected,  there  were  decorations  to  be 
passed  upon  and  there  was  always  the  problem  of  seat- 
ing to  be  solved. 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

Seating  at  table  in  a  home  always  has  been  and  always 
will  be  a  thoughtful  proceeding.  Multiply  that  detail 
until  it  reaches  the  proportion  of  seating  as  many  as  474 
guests,  and  some  idea  may  be  had  of  the  tax  upon  Miss* 
McKinstry's  time  and  good  judgment.  From  her  expe- 
rience, both  within  and  without  the  Exposition,  she 
evolved  a  plan  for  handling  the  larger  functions  that 
was  most  satisfactory.  Each  guest  at  the  table  of  honor 
was  given  definite  seating,  the  men  being  notified  of 
their  specific  responsibilities  as  escorts.  All  other  guests 
received,  upon  entering  the  reception  room,  a  card  upon 
which  they  found  the  letter  of  the  table  at  which  they 
were  to  be  seated.  To  find  their  location  was  not  a  diffi- 
cult matter  as  small  tables  were  used  and  at  each  there 
was  a  member  of  the  Woman's  Board  acting  as  hostess. 
But  for  all  the  well-made  plans  there  were  complica- 
tions even  beyond  the  eleventh  hour,  all  of  which  were  to 
be  expected  because  of  the  unusual  conditions  obtaining 
in  Exposition  entertaining.  Guests  who  were  expected, 
were  sometimes  forced  to  decline  too  late  to  send  any 
word;  guests  frequently  came  who  were  entirely  wel- 
come, but  not  expected,  because  their  presence  in  the 
city  was  not  known  or  who  in  the  hurry  had  failed  to 
acknowledge  the  invitations  received.  These  changes 
frequently  meant  reseating  with  all  its  attendant  scurry. 
But  for  that  contingency,  and  others  soon  listed  as  possi- 

[106] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

bilities,  ample  provision  was  made.  There  was  always 
at  hand  an  extra  supply  of  place  cards  and  always  an 
extra  table  was  prepared  for  the  last-minute  guests. 
Devotion  to  her  responsibility,  until  there  was  no  rea- 
sonable chance  for  an  untoward  circumstance  to  mar 
the  pleasure  of  any  occasion,  often  meant  that  Miss 
McKinstry  was  not  a  participant  in  the  beautiful  affairs 
she  had  planned  so  carefully.  The  members  of  the  Board 
tried  to  guard  against  that  always-to-be-averted  defec- 
tion, because  Miss  McKinstry's  gracious  presence  at  the 
Exposition  functions  was  quite  as  indispensable  as  her 
unceasing  endeavors  in  their  behalf. 

For  the  most  part,  sufficient  notice  was  given  of  the 
date  of  a  function,  but  it  was  often  less  than  a  few  hours 
before  its  occurrence  that  there  was  definite  knowledge 
as  to  the  exact  number  to  be  entertained.  It  was  not 
unusual  for  distinguished  guests  practically  to  come 
unannounced  and  for  a  short  stay,  so  that  invita- 
tions had  to  be  given  by  telephone  to  those  asked  to  meet 
them,  but  there  was  a  comfortable  way  always  found 
to  meet  such  an  emergency. 

In  order  to  divide  the  pleasures  of  meeting  the  Expo- 
sition's distinguished  guests,  the  Woman's  Board  es- 
tablished the  rule  of  asking  the  stockholders,  in  rotation, 
to  subscribe  for  the  dinners  or  luncheons.  There  were 
no  complimentary  invitations  for  the  women  of  the  Ex- 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

position  family.  They  always  paid  their  way.  Invited 
guests  were  selected  with  reference  to  the  guest  of 
honor.  Officials  of  local  State  societies  were  asked  when 
the  Governor  or  other  distinguished  men  and  women 
of  their  native  States  were  in  California.  The  same  rule 
obtained  in  the  case  of  foreign  ministers.  Exposition 
officials  were  invited  like  stockholders  in  rotation.  It 
was  not  possible  to  invite  everybody  all  the  time,  nor 
was  it  desirable.  All  dinners  and  luncheons  and  "at 
homes,"  except  the  largest  affairs,  were  held  in  what 
was  known  as  "The  Board  Room,"  that  interesting, 
tapestry-hung  room  on  the  third  floor  of  the  California 
Building.  In  this  room  as  many  as  225  persons  have  been 
seated.  Affairs  larger  than  those  which  could  be  accom- 
modated there,  were  held  either  in  the  ballroom  of  the 
California  Building  or  in  the  great  reception  room. 

Entertaining,  for  the  Woman's  Board  commenced  on 
March  13,  1912,  when,  at  the  request  of  the  Exposi- 
tion, it  entertained  at  luncheon  the  women  who  came 
to  California  with  the  "Oregon  First"  delegation,  while 
the  men  of  the  party  were  being  similarly  entertained 
at  the  Commercial  Club. 

Mrs.  Philander  C.  Knox,  wife  of  Secretary  of  State 
Knox,  was  the  guest  of  honor  at  a  dinner  given  on  May 
7,  1912,  by  the  Woman's  Board  at  the  Fairmont  Hotel, 
while  the  men  of  the  Exposition  were  holding  a  banquet 

[108] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

complimentary  to  the  Secretary.  This  was  a  handsome 
dinner  but  the  Exposition  women  made  up  their  minds 
that  such  a  division  of  interests  after  six  o'clock  in  the 
evening  was  neither  enjoyable  nor  complimentary.  Mrs. 
Sanborn  presented  that  consensus  of  feminine  opinion  to 
President  Moore,  and  as  he  agreed  with  her  heartily, 
there  was  no  point  for  argument.  From  that  day  until 
the  end  of  the  Exposition,  the  men  and  the  women  and 
their  guests  "dined"  together  establishing  a  precedent 
that  will,  in  all  probability,  become  an  institution  in 
California,  where  men  had  been  saying  for  many  a  day 
that  they  had  no  interest  in  banquets.  The  first  dinner 
after  the  change  of  status  was  given  by  the  Exposition 
directorate  in  honor  of  Secretary  of  State  William  J. 
Bryan.  The  next  formal  dinner  to  which  women  were 
invited  came  July  25,  1913.  It  was  in  honor  of  Secretary 
of  the  Navy  and  Mrs.  Daniels,  and  was  held  at  the  St. 
Francis  Hotel. 

Returning  to  the  affairs  that  really  belonged  to  the 
women,  the  next  one  of  special  interest  was  a  luncheon 
given  Sunday,  June  30,  1912,  by  Mrs.  Hearst  at  her 
home,  Hacienda  del  Pozo  de  Verona,  at  Pleasanton,  in 
honor  of  the  officers  and  speakers  of  the  General  Fed- 
eration of  Women's  Clubs  which  was  in  session  that 
week  in  San  Francisco.  In  magnitude  and  exquisite 
appointments  this  luncheon  was  one  like  many  others 

[109] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

for  which  Mrs.  Hearst  provided  a  special  boat  and 
train  from  San  Francisco  to  Pleasanton,  thereby  insur- 
ing the  comfort  and  pleasure  of  her  guests  and  the  pos- 
sibility of  the  trip,  through  a  regulation  of  train  hours. 
This  trip  meant  two  hours  of  sheer  delight,  riding 
through  one  of  the  most  beautiful  sections  of  California 
to  see  at  the  end  of  the  trip  one  of  the  unique  homes  in 
America  and  to  receive  the  greeting  of  this  first  woman 
of  California. 

Later  that  year,  on  October  loth,  the  Woman's  Board 
had  as  guests  at  a  luncheon  at  the  Fairmont  Hotel,  the 
ladies  in  the  party  of  Governor  Harmon  of  Ohio  who 
came  with  his  staff  to  dedicate  the  site  of  the  Ohio  State 
Building. 

New  Year's  Day,  1913,  was  a  memorable  one  at  the 
Exposition  Grounds.  After  the  ground-breaking  cere- 
monies for  Machinery  Palace,  the  Woman's  Board  held 
a  reception  in  the  partly  furnished  Service  Building, 
Mrs.  William  Hinckley  Taylor,  the  third  vice-presi- 
dent, in  the  absence  of  the  president,  standing  at  the 
head  of  the  receiving  line. 

The  ladies  coming  with  the  New  Jersey  Commission, 
when  the  site  for  their  State  building  was  selected,  were 
entertained  at  luncheon  in  May,  1913.  Madame  Pizet, 
wife  of  the  Peruvian  Minister,  and  Senora  Mendez 
were  entertained  at  luncheon  at  the  Francisca  Club, 

[IIO] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

July  nth.  As  on  similar  occasions,  the  ladies  joined  the 
men  in  the  afternoon  at  the  Exposition  for  the  site-selec- 
tion ceremonies.  Mrs.  Sanborn  was  hostess  at  a  tea  given 
on  January  22,  1914,  at  the  Palace  Hotel  to  the  women 
delegates  to  the  Inland  Waterways  Convention. 

Material  concerns  made  the  1914  months  drop  swiftly 
away,  but  there  were  playtimes  as  well.  One  of  the  most 
interesting  was  a  luncheon  given  July  23d  for  Mrs.  Wil- 
liam Randolph  Hearst.  It  was  a  courtesy  to  Mrs.  Hearst 
as  a  member  of  the  important  New  York  Commission, 
but  it  was  also  a  cordial  greeting  from  friends  in  her 
Western  home. 

Once  the  Exposition  was  opened,  formal  entertain- 
ments came  in  a  steady  procession.  Besides  that,  it 
seemed  to  be  the  province  of  the  Woman's  Board  to 
think  of  everything  that  was  in  danger  of  being  for- 
gotten in  the  tremendous  stress  of  crowding  events.  For 
instance :  The  Juries  of  Awards,  most  distinguished  men 
and  women,  came  irregularly  and  were  constantly  busy 
with  obligations  they  had  assumed.  It  came  to  be  the 
pleasure  of  the  Board  to  arrange  some  receptions  in 
their  honor.  The  Woman's  Board  also  did  itself  the 
honor  of  entertaining  women  of  distinction  connected 
with  the  exhibits,  among  whom  were  Dr.  Frances  Sage 
Bradley  and  Dr.  Anna  Louise  Strong,  connected  with 
the  United  States  Government  Child  Welfare  Exhibit, 

[in] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

Mrs.  Helen  Mabry  of  the  National  Child  Labor  Com- 
mittee, Miss  Margaret  Fay  Whittemore,  in  charge  of 
the  National  Suffrage  Headquarters,  Miss  Louise  Brig- 
ham  of  furniture  fame,  Miss  Mary  E.  Murphy  of  the 
Elizabeth  McCormick  Memorial  Fund,  Miss  Laurine 
Sigmier  of  the  Rockefeller  Foundation  and  Dr.  Denio. 
Official  entertaining  commenced  with  a  reception  in 
the  California  Building  on  the  opening  day  of  the  Ex- 
position when  the  Woman's  Board  welcomed  the  mul- 
titude that  came  for  that  notable  occasion.  The  first 
large  official  function  given  by  the  Woman's  Board  was 
a  dinner  in  the  ballroom  of  the  California  Building  on 
Monday,  March  22nd,  in  honor  of  the  foreign  and 
state  commissioners  to  the  Exposition.  Upon  that  occa- 
sion 474  men  and  women  were  seated.  Besides  the  com- 
plimented guests  and  the  Exposition  officials,  others 
present  were  the  stockholders  of  the  Woman's  Board. 
The  last  dinner  at  which  the  Board  entertained  was  in 
honor  of  General  Arthur  Murray,  U.  S.  A.,  and  Mrs. 
Murray,  who  contributed  so  much  to  the  success  of  the 
Exposition  and  who  were  so  beloved  personally.  Upon 
this  interesting  occasion,  the  dinner  was  held  in  the 
reception  room  of  the  California  Building.  The 
Woman's  Board  compliment  to  the  Navy  came  on  Au- 
gust 10,  1915,  when  a  dinner  of  198  was  given  in 
honor  of  Rear-Admiral  William  T.  Fullam,  U.S.N., 

[112] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

and  the  officers  of  the  Naval  Academy  Practice  Squad- 
ron, when  they  made  their  trip  to  San  Francisco  com- 
ing through  the  Panama  Canal.  As  Admiral  Fullam 
remained  in  San  Francisco,  and  Mrs.  Fullam  joined 
him,  the  Woman's  Board  had  the  pleasure  of  having 
them  as  special  guests  on  several  occasions. 

One  of  the  happiest  of  combination  courtesies  to 
honor  dignitaries  who  visited  the  Exposition  officially, 
consisted  of  a  dinner  followed  by  a  reception  and  ball. 
At  the  former,  the  Woman's  Board  presided,  initiating 
cordially  the  large  formal  function  later  in  the  evening. 
The  California  Host  Building  lent  itself  most  comfort- 
ably to  this  arrangement.  After  the  dinner,  which  was 
held  in  the  Board  Room,  the  guests  of  honor  went  down- 
stairs to  the  reception  room  to  greet  the  large  company 
bidden  in  their  honor.  The  California  Grays  or  a  com- 
pany of  regulars  acted  as  a  guard  of  honor  on  these 
occasions. 

The  Thursday  afternoons  "at  home"  of  the  Woman's 
Board  were  particularly  agreeable  and  seemed  to 
round  out  informal  entertaining  most  satisfactorily. 
Cards  for  these  affairs  were  sent  to  every  state  and  for- 
eign commissioner  with  word  that  their  guests  would 
always  be  welcome.  To  chiefs  of  departments  the  same 
courtesy  was  extended  and  greatly  appreciated.  Hardly 
a  Thursday  passed  without  a  guest  of  honor.  There  was 

[us] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

often  music,  when  interesting  singers  or  instrumentalists 
were  heard.  These  afternoons  were  happy  and  informal. 

The  recorded  entertainments  given  at  the  Exposi- 
sition  by  the  Woman's  Board  are  as  follows: 

Stockholders'  Luncheon;   March  loth,  211  seated. 

Banquet  to  State  and  Foreign  Commissioners;  March  22d, 
474  seated. 

Luncheon  to  meet  Madame  Zelia  Nuttall;  April  23d,  51 
seated. 

Luncheon  to  meet  Madame  Maria  Montessori ;  April  25th, 
43  seated. 

Luncheon  for  the  Women  of  Distinction  Connected  with 
Education  Displays ;  April  29th. 

Supper  for  the  California  Commissioners  and  Exhibitors; 
April  3Oth,  140  seated. 

Luncheon  for  Madame  S.  Grouitch;  May  I5th,  28  seated. 

Luncheon  for  Mrs.  Percy  V.  Pennybacker;  May  lyth. 

Luncheon  Eastern  Officers  of  the  Young  Women's  Chris- 
tian Association  and  for  Governor  Goldsborough's  Party  of 
Maryland;  May  iSth,  no  seated. 

Reception  to  meet  The  Jury  of  Awards  of  Education  and 
Social  Economy  Departments;  May  iQth,  4  to  6  o'clock, 
60  seated. 

Reception  to  meet  The  Jury  of  Awards;  May  2ist,  300 
present. 

Luncheon  to  meet:  Mrs.  James  F.  Fielder  of  New  Jersey, 
Mrs.  John  Purroy  Mitchel  of  New  York;  May  27th,  47 
seated. 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

Luncheon  for  the  Fine  Arts  Jury  of  Awards;  June  3d, 
no  seated. 

Dinner  to  meet  Governor  and  Mrs.  Charles  Whitman  of 
New  York;  June  4th,  72  seated. 

Dinner  to  meet  Governor  Lucius  E.  Pinkham  of  Hawaii; 
June  i  ith,  60  seated. 

Dinner  to  meet:  Governor  and  Mrs.  Samuel  M.  Ralston 
of  Indiana,  Governor  Louis  B.  Hanna  of  North  Dakota; 
June  22d,  70  seated. 

Dinner  to  meet  Governor  and  Mrs.  George  W.  Clark  of 
Iowa;  June  25th,  56  seated. 

Luncheon  to  meet  Mrs.  William  J.  Bryan ;  July  5th. 

Dinner  to  meet  Governor  Henry  Carter  Stuart  of  Vir- 
ginia, Governor  and  Mrs.  Emmet  Derby  Boyle  of  Nevada; 
July  8th. 

First  "At  Home"  of  Woman's  Board;  July  I5th. 

Luncheon  to  meet  Mrs.  Percy  V.  Pennybacker;  July  i6th, 
150  seated. 

Luncheon  to  meet  Mrs.  Champ  Clark;  July  I7th. 

Dinner  to  meet  Governor  and  Mrs.  Arthur  Capper  of 
Kansas;  July  i9th,  56  seated. 

Dinner  to  meet  Governor  David  T.  Walsh  of  Massachu- 
setts; July  2  ist,  85  seated. 

Dinner  to  meet:  Governor  and  Mrs.  Edward  F.  Dunne  of 
Illinois,  Governor  and  Mrs.  William  Spry  of  Utah;  July 
23d,  150  seated. 

Dinner  to  meet  Rear-Admiral  William  F.  Fullam,  U.  S. 
N.  and  Officers  of  the  Naval  Academy  Practice  Squadron; 
August  loth,  198  seated. 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

Luncheon  to  meet  Dr.  Yama  Kim,  Committee  on  Dis- 
tinguished Women;  August  nth,  70  seated. 

Reception  to  meet  the  Spanish- American  War  Nurses; 
August  1 2th. 

Luncheon  to  meet  the  Wives  of  Humorists;  August  26th, 
10  seated. 

Dinner  to  meet  Hon.  and  Mrs.  William  Taft;  August 
3  ist,  174  seated. 

Dinner  to  meet  Governor  Martin  G.  Brumbaugh  of  Penn- 
sylvania; September  ist,  116  seated. 

Luncheon  to  meet  Mrs.  William  H.  Taft;  September  2d, 
208  seated. 

Dinner  to  meet  His  Excellency  W.  L.  E.  C.  van  Rappard, 
Envoy  Extraordinary  and  Minister  Plenipotentiary  of  the 
Netherlands  to  the  United  States;  August  3Oth,  73  seated. 

Luncheon  to  meet  Mrs.  George  Goethals;  September  7th, 
44  seated. 

Luncheon  to  meet  Miss  Kawaii;  September  loth,  49  seated. 

Luncheon  to  meet  Mrs.  Holman,  wife  of  the  Premier  of 
New  South  Wales;  30  seated. 

Dinner  to  meet  Mr.  Kai  Fu  Shah,  Envoy  Extraordinary 
and  Minister  Plenipotentiary  of  China  to  the  United  States ; 
September  23d,  150  seated. 

Dinner  to  meet  Governor  and  Mrs.  Moses  Alexander  of 
Idaho;  September  29th,  98  seated. 

Dinner  to  meet  Governor  and  Mrs.  Ernest  Lister  of  Wash- 
ington; October  ist,  71  seated. 

Dinner  to  meet  Governor  and  Mrs.  Frank  B.  Willis  of 
Ohio;  October  6th,  86  seated. 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

Dinner  to  meet  Secretary  and  Mrs.  William  McAdoo;  Oc- 
tober 2Oth,  116  seated. 

Luncheon  to  meet  Mrs.  McAdoo ;  October  2Oth,  47  seated. 

Luncheon  to  meet  Mrs.  Thomas  A.  Edison;  October  2ist, 
134  seated. 

Dinner  to  meet  His  Excellency,  Dr.  Paul  Ritter,  Envoy 
Extraordinary  and  Minister  Plenipotentiary  of  Switzerland 
to  the  United  States,  and  Mrs.  Ritter;  October  27th,  116 
seated. 

Dinner  to  meet  the  Honorable  Frank  Barnard,  Lieutenant- 
Governor  of  British  Columbia,  Special  Representative  of  the 
Government  of  Canada,  and  Mrs.  Barnard;  October  28th, 
96  seated. 

Luncheon  in  Ball  Room  for  Woman's  Board;  October 
29th,  500  seated. 

Dinner  to  meet  Governor  and  Mrs.  James  Withycombe  of 
Oregon;  November  ist,  116  seated. 

Luncheon  to  meet  Lady  Aberdeen;  November  ist,  228 
seated. 

Dinner  to  meet  the  Marquess  and  Marchioness  of  Aber- 
deen and  Temair ;  November  4th,  162  seated. 

Tea  to  Mothers'  Convention;  October  nth,  October  I5th, 
October  22d,  October  25th,  seated  about  1400  each  date. 

Luncheon  to  Lady  Gregory;  November  i6th,  10  seated. 

Luncheon  in  honor  of  Mrs.  Hearst,  given  by  the  Commit- 
tee on  Distinguished  Women;  November  23d,  47  seated 
(Woman's  Board  and  Directors;  also  Committee  on  Dis- 
tinguished Women) . 

Dinner  to  meet  Major-General  Arthur  Murray,  U.  S.  A., 

[117] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

and  Mrs.  Murray;  December  ist,  298  seated  in  Reception 
Room. 

Buffet  Luncheon  in  Board  Room;  December  4th,  600 
seated  (all  Stockholders  and  Exposition  Officials). 

The  unparalleled  official  entertainment  extended  by 
the  Board's  Honorary  President,  Mrs.  Hearst,  had  all 
the  intimate  charm  of  personal  courtesy.  It  kept  the 
Hacienda  en  fete  during  all  the  years  of  the  Exposition's 
making  and  being.  The  names  of  every  notable  archi- 
tect and  artist,  dignitaries  from  other  countries  and  prac- 
tically every  American  of  distinction  who  came  to  Cali- 
fornia in  the  interest  of  the  Exposition,  can  be  found  on 
Mrs.  Hearst's  guest  list.  The  courtesy  extended  to  them 
was  often  a  few  charming  restful  days  at  the  end  of  the 
week  and  often  a  stay  of  several  days,  sometimes  a  din- 
ner, again  a  luncheon,  but  always  something  that  gave 
them  an  opportunity  of  enjoying  the  country  and  of 
knowing  the  hostess  whose  courtesies  were  those  of  a 
principality. 

During  the  summer  of  1915,  garden  parties  and  bar- 
becues to  which  thousands  were  invited  were  given  in 
honor  of  the  delegates  and  members  of  the  National 
Historical  Association,  to  the  girls  and  teachers  of  the 
Lux  School  of  Industrial  Training,  to  celebrate  the 
Fourth  of  July  and  to  honor  the  National  Association 
of  Prison  Directors. 

[118] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

The  following  group  of  indoor  entertainments  during 
the  months  of  the  Exposition  were  notably  large  and  of 
special  interest: 

Luncheon  for  members  of  the  Association  of  Ameri- 
can Universities  and  of  the  National  Association  of 
State  Universities,  which  included  many  presidents  of 
these  institutions. 

Luncheon  for  members  of  the  Association  for  the 
Advancement  of  Science,  among  whom  were  noted 
astronomers  and  other  scientists  of  distinction. 

Luncheon  for  national  officers  of  the  Daughters  of 
the  American  Revolution,  officers  of  the  State  organiza- 
tion, of  California  Chapter,  and  chairmen  of  national 
committees. 

Luncheon  to  Mrs.  Percy  V.  Pennybacker,  president 
of  the  General  Federation  of  Women's  Clubs. 

Luncheon  to  Governor  Phillips  Lee  Goldsborough 
of  Maryland,  his  staff  and  party. 

Luncheon  for  Mrs.  Thomas  Marshall,  wife  of  the 
Vice-President  of  the  United  States. 

Dinner  for  the  Marquess  and  Marchioness  of  Aber- 
deen and  Temair. 

Besides  these  large  entertainments  there  were  many 
smaller  gatherings  at  the  Hacienda,  and  among  officials 
directly  connected  with  the  Exposition  who  enjoyed 
Mrs.  Hearst's  hospitality  during  the  Exposition  were: 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

President  and  Mrs.  Moore  and  members  of  the 
Board  of  Directors. 

Mrs.  F.  G.  Sanborn  and  members  of  the  Woman's 
Board. 

Judge  and  Mrs.  William  Bailey  Lamar  and  other 
members  of  the  National  Commission. 

Director  of  Exhibits  Captain  Asher  C.  Baker  and 
Mrs.  Baker. 

M.  Albert  Tirman,  M.  H.  J.  Lambert,  M.  Jules 
Guiffrey,  M.  Henri  Guillaume,  M.  Pierre  Gregoire, 
Commissioners  for  France. 

Mr.  F.  Herman  Gade,  Commissioner-General  for 
Norway,  and  Mrs.  Gade,  and  M.  v.  Muathe  of  Mor- 
genstierne,  Assistant  Commissioner. 

Mr.  Alfred  Deakin,  Commissioner  for  Australia,  and 
Mrs.  Deakin. 

Mr.  M.  H.  Van  Coenen  Torchiana,  Commissioner- 
General  for  the  Netherlands,  and  Mrs.  Torchiana. 

Mr.  Chen  Chi,  Commissioner-General  for  China, 
Mrs.  Chen  Chi  and  all  members  of  the  Commission. 

Mr.  H.  Yamawaki,  Commissioner -General  for 
Japan,  Mr.  Y.  Numano,  Consul  for  Japan,  and  Mrs. 
Numano. 

Mr.  T.  Anasagasti,  Commissioner-General  for  Ar- 
gentina, and  other  members  of  the  Commission. 

The  Swedish  Ladies'  Auxiliary  of  the  Commission 
for  Sweden. 

[120] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

The  Commissioners  for  the  States  of  New  York  and 
Massachusetts,  chiefs  of  departments  and  others. 

Among  the  many  distinguished  people  who  spent  a 
day,  a  week-end  or  longer  periods  in  1915  as  guests  of 
Mrs.  Hearst  at  the  Hacienda  or  at  her  mountain  home, 
"Wyntoon,"  on  the  McCloud  river,  were: 

Ex-President  and  Mrs.  William  H.  Taft. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Thomas  A.  Edison. 

Hon.  Champ  Clark,  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives, and  Mrs.  Clark. 

Ex-Governor  Martin  Glynn  of  New  York  and  Mrs. 
Glynn. 

Judge  and  Mrs.  Elbert  H.  Gary  of  New  York. 

Dr.  and  Mrs.  Gill  Wylie  of  New  York. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  Hays  Hammond  of  Gloucester, 
Massachusetts. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Charles  S.  Hamlin  of  Washington, 
D.C. 

Dr.  and  Mrs.  Christian  Brinton  of  New  York. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  George  W.  Chadwick  of  Boston. 

Admiral  and  Mrs.  Charles  F.  Pond. 

Admiral  Baron  Uriu  and  the  Baroness  Uriu  of 
Japan. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Daniel  Chester  French  of  New 
York. 

Mr.  Charles  Grafly  of  Philadelphia. 

[121] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Willard  Paddock  of  New  York. 

Mrs.  H.  H.  A.  Beach  of  Boston. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Arthur  Brisbane  of  New  York. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Harrison  H.  Dodge  of  Mount  Vernon, 
Virginia. 

Signer  F.  Constantino,  Argentina. 

Mr.  Edwin  Markham,  of  New  York. 

Dr.  and  Mrs.  Ernest  R.  Kroeger  of  St.  Louis. 

Madame  Augette  Foret,  Paris. 

Mrs.  Margaret  Anglin  Hull  and  Mr.  Hull. 

Mrs.  Zelia  Nuttall,  Coyaacan,  Mexico. 

President  and  Mrs.  Benjamin  Ide  Wheeler  of  the 
University  of  California. 

Director  and  Mrs.  W.  W.  Campbell  of  the  Lick  Ob- 
servatory. 

Mrs.  Cassatt  of  Philadelphia  and  members  of  her 
family. 

Mr.  Bradford  Merrill  of  New  York. 

Miss  Elizabeth  Dodge  of  New  York,  Mrs.  Dave  H. 
Morris  of  New  York,  and  other  national  officers  of  the 
Y.  W.  C.  A. 

Dr.  Paul  Ritter,  Minister  from  Switzerland  to  the 
United  States,  and  Mrs.  Ritter. 

Commissioner-General  and  Mrs.  P.  Richard  Bern- 
strom. 

Count  and  Countess  del  Valle  de  Salazar,  of  Spain. 

[122] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

Major-General  Arthur  Murray,  U.  S.  A.,  and  Mrs. 
Murray. 

General  Lea  Febiger,  U.  S.  A.,  and  Mrs.  Febiger. 

Colonel  John  J.  Pershing,  U.  S.  A.,  and  Mrs.  Persh- 
ing. 

Commander  Clark  A.  Woodward,  U.  S.  N. 

General  Nelson  A.  Miles,  U.  S.  A. 

Colonel  F.  B.  Wiborg,  U.  S.  A. 

Captain  Edwin  Carpenter,  U.  S.  A.,  and  Mrs.  Car- 
penter. 

Dr.  Katherine  E.  Davis  of  New  York. 

Dr.  Kate  Waller  Barrett. 

Professor  and  Mrs.  Max  Ferrand  of  New  Haven, 
Connecticut. 

Dr.  and  Mrs.  Thomas  Addison,  Lick  Observatory. 

Bishop  and  Mrs.  William  Ford  Nichols. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Stowe  Phelps  of  New  York. 

Mayor  and  Mrs.  James  Rolph,  Jr. 

Mrs.  John  Bidwell  of  Chico. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bernhard  Maybeck. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Charles  Meyer  of  New  York. 

Mrs.  Foulke,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Mrs.  Thomas  Walsh,  Washingon,  D.  C. 

Professor  Grattan,  Harvard  University. 

Professor  Adolf  Bonilla  of  Spain. 

Mr.  Rudolph  Gans  of  New  York. 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Untermeyer  of  New  York. 

Mrs.  F.  M.  Wolcott  of  New  York. 

Mrs.  Florence  Bayard  Hilles  of  Wilmington,  Dela- 
ware. 

Mrs.  Mabel  Bayard  Warren  of  Boston. 

Mrs.  Elizabeth  W.  Alston  Pringle  ("Patience  Pen- 
nington")  of  South  Carolina. 

Mrs.  Daniel  Lathrop  of  Boston. 

Mr.  Moorfield  Storey  of  Boston. 

Commandante  J.  Miranda  of  the  "Presidente  Sami- 
ento." 

Judge  and  Mrs.  John  P.  Grant,  Stamford,  Ntw 
York. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  W.  Beatty,  Pittsburg. 

Mrs.  Robert  J.  Burdette,  Pasadena. 

Miss  Harriet  Niel,  Boston. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Thomas  Leeming,  New  York. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  M.  V.  Daboll,  New  York. 

Mr.  John  Temple  Graves,  New  York. 

Mrs.  Sarah  Choate  Seers,  Boston. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Nathaniel  Bowditch,  Boston. 

Mrs.  Mabury,  Dr.  Anna  Strong,  Dr.  F.  S.  Bradley, 
Dr.  Denio,  Miss  Louise  Brigham,  Exposition  represen- 
tatives. 

Dr.  and  Mrs.  Charles  J.  White,  Boston. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Alfred  Kidder,  Boston. 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Henry  H.  Townshend,  New  Haven, 
Connecticut. 

Mrs.  Coonley  Ward  of  Chicago. 

Miss  Emma  Thursby  of  New  York. 

These  lists  do  not  represent  the  extent  of  Mrs.  Hearst's 
entertainment  from  the  time  she  became  Honorary 
President  of  the  Woman's  Board.  During  1915  alone, 
not  many  less  than  4,000  enjoyed  her  hospitality.  In  the 
two  years  preceding  at  least  6,000  more  were  guests  at 
the  Hacienda. 

Of  unusual  interest  were  the  important  entertain- 
ments given  by  members  of  the  Woman's  Board,  the 
Associate  Directors  and  other  stockholders,  charming 
affairs  that,  while  coming  under  an  unofficial  heading, 
were  delightful  courtesies  for  official  Exposition  guests. 
Some  of  the  most  notable  of  these  entertainments,  which 
consisted  of  dinners,  receptions,  week-end  parties  and 
teas,  were  given  by  the  President,  Mrs.  Sanborn;  by 
Mrs.  George  A.  Pope,  Mrs.  William  H.  Crocker,  Mrs. 
Henry  T.  Scott,  Mrs.  Joseph  D.  Grant,  Mrs.  I.  Lowen- 
berg,  Mrs.  M.  H.  de  Young,  Mrs.  Reuben  Brooks  Hale, 
Mrs.  Prentiss  Cobb  Hale,  Miss  Laura  L.  McKinstry, 
Mrs.  Horace  D.  Pillsbury,  Mrs.  William  T.  Sesnon, 
Mrs.  Alexander  Russell,  Mrs.  Gaillard  Stoney,  Mrs. 
Philip  E.  Bowles,  Mrs.  Charles  W.  Slack,  Mrs.  Edwin 
R.  Dimond,  Mrs.  Francis  Carolan,  Mrs.  William 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

Hinckley  Taylor,  Mrs.  William  S.  Tevis,  Mrs.  Edgar 
J.  De  Pue,  Mrs.  Milton  H.  Esberg,  Mrs.  C.  S.  Stanton, 
Mrs.  Robert  I.  Bentley,  Mrs.  Sigmund  Stern,  and  Mrs. 
Florence  Porter  Pfingst. 

Nothing  more  important  was  done  by  the  Woman's 
Board  than  the  issuance  of  courtesy  cards  for  the  Cali- 
fornia Building.  These  gave  some  45,000  visitors  to 
California  all  the  comforts  of  the  Auxiliary  Rest  and 
Tea  Rooms.  These  cards  were  sent  to  every  foreign  and 
state  commissioner,  to  delegates  of  the  hundreds  of  con- 
ventions held  in  San  Francisco;  to  heads  of  all  Exposi- 
tion departments  and  to  every  man  and  woman  con- 
nected with  the  exhibits.  Members  of  the  Auxiliary 
could  have  courtesy  cards  issued  on  application  for  any 
out-of-the-state  visitors.  The  Woman's  Board  feels  that 
the  mission  of  the  courtesy  cards  was  most  important. 
They  opened  up  a  phase  of  Exposition  entertainment 
that  was  thoroughly  gratifying.  With  them  it  was  pos- 
sible to  extend  a  welcome,  some  courtesies  and  privileges 
to  visitors  who  could  not  be  reached  in  any  other  way. 

The  California  Building  was  not  spick  and  span 
when  it  was  first  pressed  into  service.  The  Woman's 
Board  commandeered  the  many  acres  of  the  California 
Display  Section  in  November,  1914,  and  invited  the 
State  to  have  a  party.  The  carpenters  and  plasterers  were 
driven  out,  the  great  expanse  made  festive  with  flags 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

and  flowers.  While  guests  from  here,  there  and  every- 
where were  getting  acquainted  on  this  occasion,  the  fur- 
nishing fund  was  increased  by  $1,667.45. 

There  never  was  a  time  in  the  life  of  the  Woman's 
Board  when  the  members  were  not  doing  something  to 
maintain  the  cordiality  of  the  invitation  that  the  Expo- 
sition had  sent  to  the  world.  There  were  flowers  for 
every  expected  guest,  there  were  endless  automobile 
courtesies,  and  always  the  small  personal  attentions, 
often  more  important  than  official  recognition. 

In  meeting  the  distinguished  guests  of  the  Exposition, 
there  was  recompense  for  the  women  who  had  given  up 
practically  every  other  interest  for  Exposition  service; 
there  was  recompense  in  having  the  opportunity  of 
meeting  the  interesting  men  and  women  of  California, 
but  above  all  there  was  gratification  in  being  a  part  of 
the  fine  co-operation  that  sought  to  uphold  the  recog- 
nized hospitality  of  the  West. 


[127] 


CHAPTER  VII 


E 


Distinguished  Women 


'ARLY  in  the  pre-Exposition  days,  Mrs.  Max  C. 
Sloss  presented  a  plan  to  the  Woman's  Board  for  the 
entertainment  of  some  of  the  world's  most  distinguished 
women.  She  stated  that  she  would  undertake  to  finance 
it,  so  that  it  would  make  no  demand  upon  the  resources 
of  the  Board.  She  thought  that  the  development  of  the 
idea  could  be  made  an  interesting  special  feature.  The 
plan  involved  the  selection  by  the  committee  of  several 
distinguished  women,  the  names  to  be  presented  to  the 
Board  for  confirmation.  The  plan  made  them  the  guests 
of  the  Board  from  the  time  they  left  their  homes  until 
their  return,  with  a  stay  of  from  one  to  two  weeks  at  the 
Exposition. 

The  Woman's  Board  made  Mrs.  Sloss  chairman  of 
the  committee  with  power  to  select  her  assistants.  She 
invited  some  of  her  co-members  on  the  Board  and  quite 
a  number  outside  of  it  to  serve,  making  the  following 
large  committee  for  this  pleasant  service:  Mrs.  Hearst, 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

Mrs.  F.  G.  Sanborn,  Mrs.  Edith  Blanding  Coleman, 
Miss  Kaufman,  Mrs.  John  Boyd,  Mrs.  Joseph  Sloss, 
Miss  McKinstry,  Mrs.  Marcel  Cerf,  Mrs.  Frank  L. 
Brown,  Mrs.  Milton  H.  Esberg,  Mrs.  J.  K.  R.  Nuttall, 
Mrs.  Henry  J.  Crocker,  Dr.  Jessica  Peixotto,  Mrs. 
Edwin  W.  Newhall,  Mrs.  Charles  W.  Clark,  Mrs. 
Ernest  S.  Simpson,  Mrs.  Osgood  Hooper,  Mrs.  Fred- 
erick Kohl,  Mrs.  William  H.  Crocker,  Mrs.  Charles 
Eells,  Mrs.  H.  Sahlein,  Mrs.  Joseph  D.  Grant,  Mrs. 
Joseph  A.  Donohoe,  Mrs.  Hazel  King,  Mrs.  I.  W. 
Hellman,  Jr.,  and  Mrs.  C.  C.  Moore. 

The  committee  met  frequently  and  worked  in  real 
earnest.  It  was  decided  that  a  minimum  of  six  distin- 
guished women  could  be  entertained,  four  from  other 
countries  and  two  Americans.  The  probable  selection 
attracted  wide  attention  and  lists  which  contained 
the  names  of  practically  every  woman  of  note  in  the 
world  were  sent  to  the  committee.  Many  prominent 
newspapers  in  the  country  conducted  symposiums,  invit- 
ing opinions  on  the  subject.  The  committee  was  in  the 
midst  of  the  resulting  puzzle  when  the  European  war 
broke  out  and  all  foreign  negotiations  were  stopped. 

The  committee  then  centered  its  attention  upon 
American  women  of  unusual  distinction  and  selected 
Mrs.  Zelia  Nuttall  who  had  done  world-notable  work  in 
archeology,  Miss  Jane  Addams,  foremost  among  social 

[  129] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

workers,  and  Miss  Katharine  Davis  of  the  New  York 
Police  Commission,  who  had  directed  so  many  excel- 
lent reforms  in  the  prisons  of  the  State  of  New  York 
and  particularly  those  in  which  young  women  were 
detained.  The  Woman's  Board  sent  the  invitations  to 
these  three  women  who  accepted  the  distinguished  cour- 
tesy extended.  Later  Miss  Addams  was  forced,  through 
ill  health,  to  decline. 

Mrs.  Zelia  Nuttall  was  the  first  distinguished  woman 
to  be  entertained.  A  luncheon  in  her  honor  was  given 
in  the  Board  Room  on  February  23,  1915.  The  follow- 
ing day  Mrs.  Nuttall  delivered  an  address  on  Sir  Fran- 
cis Drake  in  the  Board  Room  and  for  this  occasion  invi- 
tations were  extended  to  the  stockholders.  During  the 
week  in  which  Mrs.  Nuttall  was  the  guest  of  the 
Woman's  Board,  a  number  of  private  affairs  were 
given  in  her  honor. 

Miss  Katharine  Davis'  original  date  of  coming  had 
to  be  changed,  and  in  consequence  some  of  the  plans 
for  her  entertainment.  Her  coming  was  of  such  general 
interest  that  the  week  was  crowded  with  invitations 
which  she  accepted  and  so  found  but  little  time  to  see 
the  Exposition.  In  truth,  she  became  the  guest  of  all  the 
societies  of  charities  and  corrections,  rather  than  of  the 
Board,  so  anxious  were  they  to  hear  of  her  methods  and 
accomplishments.  She  had  so  much  to  tell  the  people, 

[130] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

she  never  duplicated  a  lecture.  One  of  the  most  inter- 
esting was  that  given  in  the  ballroom  of  the  California 
Building  before  the  members  of  the  Auxiliary. 

There  was  general  regret  when  announcement  was 
made  that  Miss  Addams  was  not  well  enough  to  make 
the  trip  to  California.  A  large  luncheon  and  many 
pleasant  affairs  had  been  planned  in  her  honor,  and  Fes- 
tival Hall  had  been  secured  for  her  lecture  so  that  she 
could  be  heard  by  the  thousands  who  were  asking  for 
invitations. 

It  was  difficult  to  get  from  China  and  Japan  any  de- 
cision as  to  who  were  the  distinguished  women  of  the 
Orient.  Finally  the  committee  and  the  Woman's  Board 
selected  Dr.  Yama  Kim  as  the  woman  who  had  given 
unusual  service  to  China.  A  luncheon  in  her  honor  took 
place  August  12,  1915,  after  which  she  gave  a  talk  of 
rare  interest. 

Miss  Kawaii  of  Japan  was  the  distinguished  woman 
entertained  September  loth.  Her  designation  as  a  woman 
who  had  brought  honor  to  her  country  was  made  by  the 
Japanese  Commissioners  to  the  Exposition.  She  gave  an 
illuminating  address  at  the  conclusion  of  the  luncheon, 
tracing  the  mental  unfoldment  of  an  Oriental  woman. 

The  crowning  act  of  this  committee  on  distinguished 
women  was  the  luncheon  given  November  23d,  honor- 
ing Mrs.  Phoebe  A.  Hearst,  the  most  distinguished 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

woman  of  California  and  second  to  none  in  any  country. 
The  guests  on  this  occasion  were  limited  to  the  members 
of  the  Woman's  Board  and  the  members  of  the  commit- 
tee. As  a  token  of  affectionate  regard  and  to  recall  the 
day,  the  committee  sent  to  Mrs.  Hearst  twenty-six  of  the 
famous  Bruguiere  photographs  of  the  Exposition.  They 
were  arranged  in  a  portfolio  made  of  exquisite  Spanish 
brocade,  in  which  the  colors  of  the  Exposition  were 
happily  combined. 

The  committee  on  distinguished  women  did  not  ac- 
complish its  original  purpose  but  its  co-operation  made 
an  interesting  phase  in  the  life  of  the  Exposition. 


[  132] 


CHAPTER  VIII 


E 


Exploitation 


'XPOSITION  "Exploitation"  was  a  riddle.  Trying  to 
solve  it  was  not  a  sleepy  business.  No  man  or  woman 
pledged  under  its  banner  ever  had  to  sit  with  idle  hands 
or  dozing  brains.  For  them  it  was  ever  a  question  of  the 
economy  of  time,  of  checking  up  results,  of  finding  new 
methods  and  of  deciding  what  was  the  best  thing  to 
do  next.  There  was  never  any  lack  of  excitement,  never 
any  lack  of  good  material  for  copy  and  never  any  lack 
of  incentive  to  give  one's  best  to  the  cause.  Presenting 
the  Exposition  to  the  world  was  an  interesting  and  com- 
prehensive enterprise. 

The  Woman's  Board  was  not  far  on  its  way  when  it 
came  into  a  full  realization  of  the  meaning  of  Exploita- 
tion. Mr.  George  Hough  Perry,  director  of  this  Di- 
vision for  the  Exposition,  made  its  definition  perfectly 
plain  at  the  first  of  the  series  of  lectures  at  the  Fairmont 
Hotel  arranged  by  the  Woman's  Board  for  the  pleasure 
and  benefit  of  the  members  of  the  California  Auxiliary 

[133] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

and  the  interested  public.  He  said  that  "exploitation" 
for  the  Exposition  concerned  itself  with  everything  but 
the  installation  of  exhibits.  The  significance  of  that  state- 
ment gave  the  women  of  the  Board  enlisted  for  that 
service,  an  idea  of  the  breadth  of  their  responsibility. 
It  crystallized  many  vagrant  thoughts  about  simple 
"publicity"  and  set  a  standard  of  general  usefulness 
toward  which  the  members  tried  to  work. 

Records  will  bear  out  the  assertion  that  there  was  the 
most  effective  co-operation  between  the  Woman's  Board 
and  the  Division  of  Exploitation.  This  commenced  with 
the  honorary  appointment  on  June  19,  1913,  by  Presi- 
dent C.  C.  Moore  of  Mrs.  Ernest  S.  Simpson  of  the 
Woman's  Board,  as  assistant  to  Mr.  George  Hough 
Perry.  From  that  time  until  the  very  last  day  of  the  Ex- 
position, the  Woman's  Board  had  the  most  cordial  and 
helpful  assistance  from  this  Division.  Outside  of  the 
general  work  for  the  Exposition,  Mr.  Perry  was  always 
ready  to  give  time  and  service  for  consultation  and  co- 
operation in  the  endless  business  that  was  handled  by 
the  Woman's  Board.  His  enthusiasm,  his  quick  under- 
standing and  never-failing  interest  in  the  plans  of  the 
Exposition  women,  made  "exploitation"  a  genuine 
pleasure.  Mr.  Perry  also  placed  at  their  service  the  ex- 
pert knowledge  of  Mr.  Nolan  Davis  and  Mr.  A.  H. 
Merrill,  two  of  his  department  heads,  men  whose  cour- 

[i34l 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

tesy  and  help  will  always  be  gratefully  remembered.  In 
fact,  similar  co-operation  was  given  by  his  entire  staff. 

The  Woman's  Board  was  from  the  very  start  of  its 
activities  so  deeply  interested  and  engaged  with  its 
work  for  the  Exposition  that  there  never  was  time  or 
inclination  to  make  any  but  the  most  meagre  public  rec- 
ord of  its  accomplishments.  This  attitude  was  so  marked 
that  every  once  in  a  while  there  would  be  a  verbal 
search  warrant  issued  by  the  casual  inquirer  as  to  what 
the  Woman's  Board  was  doing.  When  some  definite 
action  was  taken  or  anything  worth  while  achieved, 
word  was  sent  broadcast.  The  policy  of  the  women  was 
never  to  tax  the  generosity  of  any  part  of  the  public 
press  by  asking  space  for  the  presentation  of  unimport- 
ant accounts  as  to  the  development  of  their  plans.  The 
cause  for  which  the  Woman's  Board  stood  committed 
was  too  great,  and  the  measures  for  which  they  were 
sponsors  too  important  for  the  members  to  fritter  away 
time  and  energy  in  presenting  ephemeral  details. 

The  first  stupendous  piece  of  "exploitation"  under- 
taken by  the  Woman's  Board  was  the  organization  of 
the  women  of  the  State.  That  step  sent  to  the  farthermost 
parts  of  California,  definite  facts  about  the  Exposition. 
It  interested  an  army  of  women  in  the  cause  and  opened 
up  a  definite  avenue  of  publicity.  In  this  way  chairmen 
and  sub-chairmen  became  active  assistants  in  the  depart- 

[135] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

ment  of  exploitation.  Every  bulletin  sent  to  them  from 
the  Woman's  Board  was  used  as  material  for  copy  for 
their  local  publications.  The  women  of  the  State  never 
failed  to  co-operate  with  the  Board  in  this  important 
measure.  This  specific  "exploitation"  was  interestingly 
beneficent  in  that  it  put  California  women  in  touch  with 
Exposition  information  from  the  months  of  its  making 
until  its  beautiful  realization.  It  prepared  them  for  the 
most  helpful  and  delightful  participation  in  one  of  the 
greatest  experiences  the  world  has  ever  known,  and  cer- 
tainly, the  greatest  of  their  generation. 

Following  in  the  wake  of  organization,  the  exploita- 
tion department  arranged  for  a  membership  badge.  Its 
purchase  was  not  obligatory,  because  of  the  desire  of 
the  Board  to  keep  membership  within  the  monetary 
reach  of  all.  A  majority  of  the  great  roster  availed  them- 
selves of  the  privilege  of  possessing  this  tangible  evi- 
dence of  participation,  which  was  also  an  extremely  in- 
teresting souvenir. 

The  design  of  this  badge  became  the  seal  of  the 
Woman's  Board.  It  was  made  by  Mrs.  Lucia  K. 
Mathews,  one  of  California's  artists  of  distinction.  It  is 
interesting  to  note  that  Mrs.  Mathews'  husband,  Arthur 
Mathews,  himself  a  painter  among  the  first  of  the  land 
and  one  of  the  men  who  did  the  murals  for  the  Exposi- 
tion, made  the  design  for  the  official  seal  of  the  Exposi- 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

tion.  Mrs.  Mathews'  design  was  her  contribution  to  the 
work  conducted  by  the  women.  She  was  as  generous  as 
her  drawing  was  beautiful.  She  developed  an  idea  that 
seemed  eminently  fitting.  Against  a  background  of  sky 
and  water,  she  had  Columbia  opening  the  Gatun  gates. 
The  design  was  made  in  a  circle  and  upon  the  outlining 
band  was  wrought  the  lettering.  The  same  pin  was  used 
by  the  members  of  the  Board  and  the  Auxiliary  with  a 
slight  change  in  color  and  designation.  For  the  Woman's 
Board,  the  pin  was  done  in  two  shades  of  blue  and  gold; 
for  the  Auxiliary,  an  attractive  red  was  used  for  the 
band  upon  which  the  words  "Woman's  Auxiliary"  were 
cut.  The  design  admitted  of  an  attractive  color  com- 
bination. 

As  soon  as  the  site  of  the  Exposition  had  been  selected 
and  the  plans  began  to  find  expression  in  actual  work, 
the  absorbing  interest  of  this  great  world  enterprise  sug- 
gested a  piece  of  exploitation  that  had  an  educational 
value.  It  was  the  printing  and  distribution  of  more  than 
half  a  million  "lecturettes,"  the  demand  for  which  never 
ceased  until  the  close  of  the  Exposition. 

In  the  first  place,  these  small  lectures  were  planned 
for  the  school  children  of  California.  The  Exploitation 
Department  knew  that  a  knowledge  of  how  the  Exposi- 
tion came  about  and  how  it  was  made  would  add  im- 
measurably to  the  enjoyment  and  education  of  the  chil- 

[137] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

dren.  Regarding  the  Exposition  as  a  University  with 
world  information  to  give,  the  women  saw  that  the 
young  people  of  the  State  could  not  be  ready  to  receive 
its  benefits  unless  they  had  attended  a  "preparatory 
school"  of  some  sort.  The  majority  of  them  could  not  see 
the  actual  making  of  the  Exposition,  and  so  it  was  de- 
termined to  take  the  Exposition  to  them.  This  was  done 
in  the  "Lecturettes." 

Knowing  that  it  was  possible  for  young  children  to 
get  quite  a  definite  knowledge  of  the  wonderful  Expo- 
sition if  a  description  of  it  were  presented  in  the  simplest 
of  language,  a  special  series  was  prepared  for  them. 
The  other  series,  "For  Grammar  and  Higher  Schools," 
proved  to  be  most  acceptable  for  the  boys  and  girls 
grown  tall.  In  many  places  all  over  the  country,  it  was 
used  for  systematic  study  of  the  Exposition  by  the 
grown-ups.  The  sequence  of  the  "Lecturettes"  was  as 
follows : 

i — General  Statement  about  the  Panama-Pacific  In- 
ternational Exposition. 

2 — Description  of  the  site,  how  it  was  being  prepared 
and  a  skeleton  sketch  of  the  general  plan  of  the  Palaces. 

3 — A  Story  of  the  World's  Expositions  that  had  pre- 
ceded the  one  of  1915,  beginning  with  the  first  one, 
which  was  held  in  Paris  in  1798. 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

4 — Reasons  for  the  selection  of  the  site  and  the  way 
in  which  the  gardens  were  made. 

5 — The  Palace  of  Machinery  in  charge  of  Capt.  J. 
W.  Danforth;  the  nature  of  its  exhibits,  and  a  record 
of  its  use  for  pre-Exposition  affairs. 

6 — The  Palace  of  Education  and  Social  Economy  in 
charge  of  Alvin  E.  Pope,  and  an  explanation  of  the 
educational  side  of  this  department  showing  how  the 
exhibits  would  differ  from  those  of  the  same  nature  at 
all  former  Expositions. 

7 — The  Social  Economy  Department,  telling  how  the 
exhibits  would,  in  every  possible  case,  show  working 
models,  and  calling  attention  to  the  fact  that  never  be- 
fore in  the  history  of  Expositions  had  there  been  such 
a  presentation  of  this  work  for  the  betterment  of 
humanity. 

8 — The  California  Building,  with  a  description  of 
the  significance  of  its  architecture  and  something  of  the 
uses  to  which  this  great  structure  covering  nearly  seven 
and  a  half  acres  would  be  devoted. 

9 — The  Palace  of  Fine  Arts,  in  charge  of  John  E.  D. 
Trask;  the  Palace  of  Liberal  Arts  and  the  fact  that 
much  of  the  statuary  would  be  out  of  doors.  Exhibits 
could  only  be  mentioned  casually. 

[139] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

10 — The  Palace  of  Horticulture,  with  George  H. 
Dennison  as  chief,  with  an  outline  of  the  exhibits  and 
processes  it  would  show. 

ii — The  Palaces  of  Varied  Industries  and  Manufac- 
tures, both  of  which  were  under  the  direction  of  Charles 
H.  Green  and  which  would  hold  an  especial  interest  for 
children,  as  in  the  exhibits  there  they  would  learn  of  the 
things  they  see  and  use  every  day. 

12 — The  Palace  of  Transportation,  in  charge  of  Mr. 
A.  M.  Mortensen,  who  was  called  the  "Traffic  Man- 
ager." Explanation  in  considerable  detail  of  the  won- 
derful things  that  were  to  be  in  this  department. 

13 — The  Exhibit  of  Live  Stock,  giving  definite  plans 
as  to  what  Mr.  D.  O.  Lively  had  secured  for  his  im- 
portant part  of  the  Exposition. 

14 — The  Palaces  of  Agriculture  and  Food  Stuffs, 
both  of  which  were  under  the  direction  of  Mr.  Thomas 
C.  Stallsmith,  with  something  of  the  nature  of  the  ex- 
hibits. 

15 — The  Palace  of  Mines  and  Metallurgy,  under  Mr. 
Charles  E.  Van  Barneveld,  particularly  interesting  be- 
cause of  its  significance  in  the  West. 

1 6 — A  description  of  the  way  in  which  San  Francisco 
and  the  Exposition  was  to  provide  for  the  physical  com- 

[ 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

forts  of  its  visitors  and  of  the  way  the  Travelers'  Aid 
was  to  plan  for  the  moral  protection  of  young  people 
traveling  alone. 

17 — A  description  of  "The  Zone,"  with  an  explana- 
tion of  notable  attractions. 

1 8 — A  resume  of  the  Conventions  and  Congresses  and 
Conferences  which  were  booked  for  the  Exposition  by 
Mr.  Thomas  A.  Barr. 

19 — A  story  of  the  Auditoriums  provided  at  the  Ex- 
position, in  San  Francisco  and  Oakland  for  the  use  of 
the  great  gatherings. 

20 — The  illumination  of  the  Exposition  by  William 
D'Arcy  Ryan,  and  a  description  of  the  Tower  of  Jewels. 

21 — A  description  of  the  wonderful  color  scheme  of 
the  Exposition  worked  out  by  the  great  American  artist, 
Jules  Guerin. 

22 — The  story  of  the  Courts  and  mural  decorations. 

23 — The  Foreign  Pavilions  at  the  Exposition,  telling 
of  the  nature  of  the  participation  of  foreign  countries. 

24 — A  resume  of  the  State  Buildings  and  their  signifi- 
cance as  to  construction. 

When  the  "Lecturettes"  were  first  planned,  they  were 
to  be  presented  to  the  schools  by  the  chairmen  and  sub- 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

chairmen,  who  were  to  read  one  of  them  for  the  children 
each  Friday  afternoon,  or  to  arrange  for  their  presenta- 
tion by  the  teachers.  The  "lecturettes"  were  made 
sketchy  and  short  so  that  the  children  would  not  be 
wearied  with  detail.  It  was  aimed  to  give  them  funda- 
mental facts  and  stimulate  their  imaginations  and  in- 
terest. No  paper  was  longer  than  ten  minutes. 

In  a  short  time,  the  demand  for  the  "Lecturettes" 
caused  the  Board  to  change  the  plan  of  distribution, 
sending  them  direct  to  every  school  in  the  State  of  Cali- 
fornia. The  field  was  extended  to  include  the  State  of 
Oregon,  the  School  Superintendent  of  which  signified 
his  desire  to  have  them.  As  in  California,  they  were  sent 
directly  to  the  schools. 

In  a  few  months,  requests  came  for  them  from  Mr. 
Thomas  Moore  and  Mr.  John  Kelley  of  the  New  York 
office  of  the  Exposition,  and  in  this  way  more  than 
100,000  were  sent  to  the  schools  of  the  East.  In  all,  more 
than  900,000  "Lecturettes"  were  circulated,  reaching 
millions  of  children.  As  they  were  sent  to  schools,  one  for 
each  class,  the  above  numbers  are  not  significant  of  the 
number  of  people  reached.  During  the  entire  Exposition 
personal  requests  for  sets  were  filled.  The  Woman's 
Board  discovered  that  what  was  good  Exposition  infor- 
mation for  children  was  equally  so  for  their  elders. 

The  Exploitation  Department  of  the  Woman's  Board 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

followed  the  newspaper  and  magazine  notices  that  ap- 
peared throughout  the  country  and  when  necessary  sent 
follow-up  material.  Extended  articles  were  prepared 
about  woman's  participation  in  the  Exposition  and  were 
circulated  all  over  this  country  and  in  foreign  lands 
by  the  department  of  the  Division  of  Exploitation 
which  was  under  the  jurisdiction  of  Mr.  Hamilton 
Wright.  Bohemia  was  particularly  interested  in  the 
part  women  wefe  taking  in  the  Exposition,  and  one 
story,  sent  on  request,  was  translated  into  the  language 
of  the  country  for  an  important  magazine. 

Attractive  pamphlets  were  prepared  after  the  plans 
of  the  Woman's  Board  were  definitely  outlined.  Many 
special  articles  were  written,  one  in  particular  appear- 
ing in  an  important  special  edition  prepared  by  Cali- 
fornia women  in  Riverside.  The  regular  routine  of  local 
publicity  formed  another  and  quite  distinct  phase  of 
the  general  work  of  exploitation. 

Supplementing  the  work  of  lecturers  sent  by  the  Ex- 
position throughout  the  United  States,  the  Exploitation 
Department  of  the  Woman's  Board  notified  club  women 
in  every  city  on  the  itinerary  of  the  dates  and  subjects 
of  the  lectures,  thereby  increasing  interest  and  insuring 
cordial  audiences. 

Hundreds  of  talks  were  given  by  members  of  the 
Board  before  all  kinds  of  audiences  and  in  many  places 

[143] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

throughout  the  State.  Trips  covering  many  days  were 
frequently  made,  and  invitations  for  speakers  were  often 
accepted  on  a  few  hours'  notice. 

To  enlarge  the  scope  and  interest  of  the  Exploitation 
Department,  the  Board  made  a  number  of  appointments 
of  what  were  designated  as  "Associate  Directors,"  the 
articles  of  incorporation  of  the  Woman's  Board  limit- 
ing the  number  of  regular  directors.  This  action  brought 
into  the  work  Mrs.  George  Hough  Perry,  Mrs.  Minnie 
Sabin  Cooper,  Mrs.  Alexander  Russell,  Mrs.  Charles  S. 
Stanton,  Mrs.  Mary  Austin,  Mrs.  George  B.  Sperry  and 
Miss  Janet  Peck  of  England.  Mrs.  A.  P.  Black,  who  was 
an  associate  director,  by  reason  of  her  responsibilities 
as  chairman  of  San  Francisco  became  an  active  and 
valuable  member  of  this  department,  as  did  Mrs.  Edgar 
J.  DePue,  county  chairman  of  Yolo.  Mrs.  S.  M.  B. 
Healy,  an  Auxiliary  member,  spoke  for  the  Board  in 
Panama  and  in  the  East. 

Special  honor  is  due  Mrs.  Minnie  Sabin  Cooper  for  a 
masterly  piece  of  publicity  work.  It  meant  practically 
four  months'  service.  She  represented  the  Woman's 
Board,  acting  with  Chief  D.  O.  Lively  in  organizing 
and  exploiting  the  Children's  Pet  Exhibition.  Mrs. 
Cooper's  well-directed  efforts  brought  almost  eleven 
hundred  pets  to  the  show,  the  most  motley,  well-beloved 
collection  of  lively  feathers,  furs  and  fins  ever  gathered 

[  144] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

under  one  roof.  Competitive  compositions,  for  which 
prizes  were  given,  greatly  stimulated  interest.  In  judg- 
ing the  merits  of  these  essays,  Mrs.  Cooper  was  assisted 
by  Miss  Jean  Parker,  Mrs.  Joseph  D.  Grant,  Mrs.  M.  C. 
Sloss,  Mrs.  P.  C.  Hale  and  Miss  Edith  Slack.  For  every 
possible  reason  prizes  were  given  the  exhibitors.  Mrs. 
Cooper  rallied  many  men  to  her  support  in  this  work 
for  the  children  and  their  pets,  and  in  addition  had  the 
most  generous  help  from  Mrs.  M.  H.  de  Young,  Mrs. 
James  Rolph,  Jr.,  Mrs.  Jesse  Lilienthal,  Mrs.  C.  M. 
Cooper,  Mrs.  W.  C.  Ralston,  Mrs.  Morton  Lindley, 
Miss  Etta  Powers,  Mrs.  D.  R.  Jones  and  Mrs.  D.  Wood. 

There  were  many  times  when  the  stress  of  exploita- 
tion work,  particularly  in  the  matter  of  distribution, 
became  taxing.  At  such  times  valuable  assistance  was 
given  by  Miss  Erna  St.  Goar  (Mrs.  John  Hubert  Mee) , 
Miss  Eleanor  Davenport,  Mrs.  George  C.  Sargent,  Miss 
Myra  Jeffers,  Miss  Edna  Cohn,  Miss  T.  Kristensen, 
Miss  Fernanda  Pratt,  Mrs.  Leon  Goldman,  Miss  Edith 
Treanor,  Miss  Johanna  Volkmann,  Miss  Edith  Slack, 
Mrs.  Agnes  Lane  Leonard,  Miss  Charlotte  Hughes, 
Miss  Alice  Chambers  and  Miss  Edna  Rooney. 

Because  of  its  great  variety,  the  work  of  the  Exploita- 
tion Department  of  the  Woman's  Board  was  always 
worth  while.  It  brought  its  members  into  intimate  touch 
with  every  phase  of  the  Exposition  life. 

[145] 


CHAPTER  IX 

Motherhood  Monument 

UST  about  the  time  the  Woman's  Board  was  coming 
into  a  full  realization  of  the  responsibilities  it  had  as- 
sumed, it  was  asked  by  Mr.  John  E.  D.  Trask,  Director 
of  the  Department  of  Fine  Arts  for  the  Exposition,  to 
consider  the  question  of  sponsoring  a  movement  to 
secure  funds  for  a  bronze  monument  to  honor  the  Pio- 
neer Mothers  of  California.  The  idea  had  been  brought 
to  him  by  Mrs.  Ella  Sterling  Mighels.  She  presented 
a  good  brief  to  Mr.  Trask,  for  he  in  turn  became  a  be- 
guiling, advocate  before  the  Woman's  Board.  He  con- 
cluded his  plea  for  the  monument  by  saying  that  he 
would  give  such  a  statue  the  place  of  honor  in  the  Palace 
of  Fine  Arts,  and  suggested  that  at  the  close  of  the  Ex- 
position it  be  presented  to  the  City  of  San  Francisco. 

Notwithstanding  the  fact  that  the  members  of  the 
board  knew  that  the  resources  of  California,  and  par- 
ticularly those  of  San  Francisco,  were  being  heavily 
taxed  to  finance  the  Exposition,  the  appeal  was  irre- 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

sistible.  Sentiment  found  a  convincing  incentive  in  the 
prospect  of  having  an  art  treasure  as  a  legacy  from  the 
Exposition  that  could  at  last  be  but  a  memory.  It  also 
minimized  their  discernment  as  to  what  they  must  put 
in  the  "ways  and  means"  scales  to  make  the  dream  come 
true.  The  weighing  could  not  be  an  easy  matter,  for 
crowding  out  every  material  thought  was  the  tenderest 
human  sentiment.  Every  woman  who  voted  to  honor  the 
wonderful  pioneer  mother,  had  in  her  heart  that  ever- 
cherished  love  that  is  akin  to  sweet  pain  for  the  mother 
who  was  still  with  her,  or  for  the  mother  of  hallowed 
memory  who  never  seems  far  away.  It  was  that  all- 
encompassing  love  for  each  one's  mother,  recalling  her 
joys,  her  sorrows  and  her  sacrifices,  that  made  it  pos- 
sible to  put  faith  and  courage  into  making  a  monument 
at  that  time  to  reverence  all  motherhood,  despite  many 
other  engrossing  obligations  already  assumed. 

The  Woman's  Board  had  a  vision  of  the  significance 
of  a  monument  to  Motherhood.  As  far  as  it  knew,  this 
tribute  would  be  the  first  concrete  expression  in  bronze 
and  marble  of  this  world-devotion.  Specific  deeds  of 
heroism,  of  patriotism  and  sacrifice  by  women  had  been 
honored  in  the  plastic  art.  They  knew  of  the  monument 
in  Portland,  Oregon,  to  the  little  squaw  who  led  the 
Lewis  and  Clark  Expedition  from  the  wilderness  of  the 
new  land  to  its  places  of  safety.  They  knew  of  the 

[147] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

tribute  in  New  Orleans  to  the  little  bread  woman  who 
had  taken  from  her  own  frugal  store  and  given  the  best 
in  service  that  others  might  not  suffer.  They  knew  that 
there  had  been  definite  honors,  both  in  type  and  in  art 
for  the  pioneer  "men"  and  that  the  appellation  had  not 
been  a  generic  term.  Pioneer  women,  somehow,  had 
been  taken  for  granted.  There  never  had  been  any  pub- 
lic expression  of  honor  for  the  women  who  had,  with- 
out complaint,  braved  the  hardships  of  the  "early  days 
of  California,"  and  who  had  contributed  their  energetic 
half  to  the  prosperity  of  the  new  land. 

When  the  issue  came  up  for  final  consideration,  there 
seemed  to  be  never  a  doubt  that  the  time  had  come  to  put 
into  concrete  form  vagrant  thoughts  and  feelings  about 
the  women  who  had  walked  side  by  side  with  the  hon- 
ored men.  And  so  was  launched  the  responsibility  of 
erecting  the  monument  to  all  motherhood,  dedicated  to 
the  Pioneer  Mothers.  The  two  thoughts  in  the  move- 
ment led  in  the  beginning  to  some  discussion  and  a  little 
misunderstanding  as  to  the  artist's  conception  of  his  com- 
mission. The  World-Mother  was  taken  by  some  to  be 
the  Pioneer  Mother,  and  as  such,  there  was  objection 
to  type  and  habiliment.  Because  the  sculptor  was  ex- 
pected to  epitomize  all  of  everybody's  ideas  and  ideals, 
his  was  the  experience  of  all  entrusted  with  similar  re- 
sponsibility. But  like  all  really  big  men,  he  was  ap- 


MOTHERHOOD  MONUMENT 

DEDICATED  TO  THE  PlONEER  MOTHERS  OF  CALIFORNIA 

IN  ITS  EXPOSITION  SETTING 
DONE  BY  CHARLES  GRAFLY 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

proachable,  and  willing  to  make  any  consistent  change. 
His  way  was  not  all  clear  sailing,  but  he  met  objec- 
tions with  a  calm  patience  and  a  straightforward  state- 
ment that  in  every  possible  way  he  would  try  to  help 
the  promoters  to  realize  their  dream  of  what  such  a 
statue  should  express,  reserving  quite  rightly  his  de- 
cision as  to  the  artistic  unities. 

In  his  original  sketch  Mr.  Grafly  modeled  what 
might  be  termed  a  primitive  mother.  Some  members  of 
the  association  thought  it  would  be  better  to  have  a 
woman  typical  of  the  life  of  the  West,  in  view  of  the 
dedication.  But  before  making  any  changes,  Mr.  Grafly 
accepted  the  invitation  of  the  association  to  come  to 
San  Francisco  for  a  conference.  That  was  productive  of 
satisfactory  understanding  on  both  sides.  Mr.  Grafly 
quickly  realized  the  spirit  of  the  West.  Historically,  he 
knew  it,  and  in  his  quest  along  that  line  came  most 
romantically  upon  pictures  and  data  that  served  in  the 
delineation  of  the  bronze  panels  which  are  such  a 
splendid  feature  of  the  monument.  Later  the  critics 
knew  that  there  was  nothing  haphazard  about  Mr. 
Grafly's  interpretation  or  execution.  All  went  well 
when  the  original  idea  of  the  universal  mother  was 
understood. 

The  work  was  begun  with  faith  in  the  men  and 
women  of  pioneer  stock,  in  the  men  and  women  of 

[150] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

every  stock,  knowing  that  they  would  hold  dear  the 
honor  of  the  pioneer  women  still  living,  cherishing  the 
while  thoughts  of  the  mothers  who  had  done  with  life's 
problems.  Honor  bestowed  for  the  loyalty,  the  fidelity, 
the  courage  and  ability  of  the  pioneer  women  was  but 
honoring  all  motherhood ;  likewise  the  converse.  What 
the  women  of  the  forties  and  fifties  did,  was  but  a  token 
of  what  is  found  in  the  heart  of  every  right-minded 
woman,  elements  that  occasion  promptly  converts  into 
help  and  hope,  service  and  sanctity. 

As  the  best  means  of  handling  the  business  side  of  this 
measure,  an  organization  was  effected  called  the  Pioneer 
Motherhood  Monument  Association  of  California. 
Representing  the  Woman's  Board,  Mrs.  Phoebe  A. 
Hearst  became  the  honorary  chairman;  Mrs.  F.  G. 
Sanborn,  the  chairman;  Mrs.  Ernest  S.  Simpson,  vice- 
chairman;  Mrs.  Gaillard  Stoney,  the  secretary,  and 
Miss  Caroline  Snook,  treasurer.  The  first  meeting  was 
held  on  Thursday,  May  22,  1913,  at  the  rooms  of  the 
Woman's  Board  in  the  Exposition  Building,  corner  of 
Pine  and  Battery  Streets,  the  scene  of  all  the  pre-Expo- 
sition  activities. 

On  the  original  membership  list,  the  pioneer  families 
were  represented  by  Mrs.  Phoebe  A.  Hearst,  Mrs. 
Eleanor  Martin,  Mrs.  Timothy  Guy  Phelps,  Mrs. 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

Mary  D.  Prendergast,*  Mrs.  Emily  North  Whitcomb, 
Miss  Catherine  L.  Cole,  Mrs.  Laura  Phelps,  Miss 
Caroline  Snook,  Mrs.  Ella  Sterling  Mighels,  Mrs. 
E.  C.  Wright,  Mrs.  William  S.  Tevis,  Mrs.  Paul 
Goodloe,  Mrs.  M.  A.  Huntington,  Mrs.  George  J. 
Bucknall,  Mrs.  Florence  Porter  Pfingst,  Mrs.  John  M. 
Burnett,  Miss  Lillian  O'Hara,  Miss  Grace  Livermore, 
Mrs.  Henry  P.  Tricot,  Mrs.  Luther  Wagoner,  Mrs. 
Charles  R.  ShurtlefT,  Mrs.  J.  J.  Donnelly,  Dr.  Mariana 
Bertola,  Miss  Alice  H.  Dougherty,  Mrs.  Grace  W. 
Baker,  Mrs.  H.  M.  Green,  Mrs.  Olive  Bedford  Mai- 
lock,  Miss  Allison  Watt,  Mrs.  May  Boldemann,  Mrs. 
Margaret  Grote  Hill,  Mrs.  E.  Burke  Holladay,  George 

C.  Sargent,  Judge  John  F.  Davis,  Emmet  Hayden, 
Mrs.  J.  M.  Goewey,  Mrs.  W.  H.  O'Brien,  Mrs.  Matilda 
Hirleman,  Mrs.  Ellen  Jewell,  Mrs.  Alice  Gaily,  Mrs. 
Mary  Bates  McLennan,  Mrs.  Horace  Hill,  Mrs.  Ellen 
Lees  Leigh,  Mrs.  B.  M.  H.  Gurnett,  Mrs.  Jane  Martel, 
Miss  Josephine  Crowley,*  Mrs.  A.  J.  Vining,  Mrs. 
Mary  Deneger,  Mrs.  Annie  Morrison  Reed,  Mrs.  Louis 
Sloss,  Miss  Mary  E.  Callaghan,  Mrs.  Aylett  R.  Cotton, 
Mrs.  A.  Perry,  Mrs.  Henrietta  Barry  Byrne,  Mrs.  K. 

D.  Boynes,  Mrs.  Louis  K.  Rike,  Mrs.  Sidney  S.  Palmer, 
Mrs.  Richard  Sprague,  Mrs.  Laura  Bride  Powers,  Mrs. 
C.  C.  O'Donnell,  Miss  Josephine  F.  Daniels,  Mrs.  John 

*Deceased. 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

Gallwey,  Mrs.  W.  B.  Burnett  and  Mrs.  Charles  W. 
Slack. 

This  body  of  men  and  women  represented  the  Asso- 
ciation of  Pioneer  Women  (those  who  came  in  forty- 
nine),  The  Woman's  Auxiliary  of  the  Society  of  Cali- 
fornia Pioneers,  The  Daughters  of  California  Pioneers, 
Sons  and  Daughters  of  the  Santa  Clara  County  Pioneer 
Society,  Native  Sons  of  the  Golden  West,  and  Native 
Daughters  of  the  Golden  West. 

There  was  no  delay  in  starting.  Within  a  week  after 
organization  was  effected,  the  following  committee 
was  appointed  by  the  chairman,  Mrs.  Sanborn:  Mrs. 
George  J.  Bucknall,  chairman;  John  E.  D.  Trask,  sec- 
retary; John  Galen  Howard,  George  W.  Kelham,  M. 
Earl  Cumming,  Mrs.  P.  A.  Hearst,  Mrs.  William 
S.  Tevis,  Dr.  Mariana  Bertola,  Mrs.  Ella  Sterling 
Mighels,  Mrs.  Timothy  Guy  Phelps,  Mrs.  Paul  Good- 
loe,  Mrs.  Ernest  S.  Simpson,  Mrs.  E.  C.  Wright,  Mrs. 
M.  A.  Huntington,  Mrs.  Florence  Porter  Pfingst,  Mrs. 
Louis  Sloss,  Judge  John  F.  Davis  and  Hon.  James  D. 
Phelan. 

After  extended  correspondence  with  ten  of  the  lead- 
ing sculptors  of  this  country,  including  those  of  Cali- 
fornia, the  unanimous  choice  of  the  Art  Committee  was 
Charles  Grafly  of  Philadelphia.  This  action  was  unani- 
mously endorsed  by  the  association.  Mr.  Grafly  agreed 

[153] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

to  make  the  monument  for  $22,500  and  estimated  that 
$2,500  more  would  be  required  for  the  pedestal  and  in- 
stallation. The  statue  was  due  to  be  delivered  at  the  Ex- 
position December  31,  1914. 

Months  passed  with  the  routine  business  of  collecting 
money.  The  Native  Daughters  at  their  Grand  Parlor 
made  a  twenty-five  cents  per  capita  tax,  which  meant 
approximately  a  fund  of  $2,500.  This  was  the  first  large 
contribution.  Judge  John  F.  Davis  brought  the  matter 
to  the  Native  Sons,  an  organization  which  could  not, 
according  to  its  by-laws,  levy  a  per  capita  tax,  so  their 
contribution  to  the  fund  was  voluntary.  Judge  Davis 
addressed  every  parlor  in  the  State  of  California,  with 
the  result  that  a  clear  $4,560  was  given  to  the  cause.  The 
presentation  was  formal  and  made  to  Mrs.  F.  G.  San- 
born  and  Mrs.  P.  A.  Hearst  by  Mr.  Louis  Mooser,  presi- 
dent of  the  Native  Sons ;  John  McDougald,  treasurer  of 
the  Native  Sons,  and  Judge  John  F.  Davis  at  the  Fair- 
mont Hotel.  With  this  substantial  contribution  came  a 
message  of  good-will  confirming  the  conviction  that,  the 
Native  Sons  and  Native  Daughters,  the  children  of  the 
Pioneer  Mothers  as  well  as  those  belonging  to  the  later 
years,  rallied  promptly  to  the  call  of  those  concerned 
with  the  business  side  of  this  fine  project. 

The  Pioneers,  headquartered  at  San  Francisco,  found 
that  their  constitution  and  by-laws  stood  between  them 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

and  contribution.  A  collection  of  especial  interest  was 
that  of  $500  made  by  Alfred  Woodhams  of  the  Santa 
Clara  Society  of  Pioneers.  Although  eighty-four  years 
of  age,  Mr.  Woodhams  traveled  over  his  county,  loyal 
to  his  self-imposed  task.  His  enthusiasm  was  a  spur  to 
many  a  good-natured  but  easy-going  friend  of  the  cause. 

The  first  realization  that  from  a  financial  standpoint, 
the  time  was  not  propitious  for  the  collection  of  any 
fund  that  did  not  represent  a  necessity,  was  confirmed 
as  the  months  passed.  If  it  had  not  been  for  the  un- 
flinching courage  and  the  unending  resourcefulness  of 
the  chairman,  Mrs.  Sanborn,  the  Motherhood  Monu- 
ment would  not  have  been  realized,  despite  the  good 
efforts  of  the  Native  Sons  and  Daughters  and  the  gen- 
erous few.  Her  inspiration  carried  the  laggards,  those 
who  meant  well,  but  who  could  not  see  the  way  when 
success  was  not  immediate.  Mrs.  Sanborn's  insight  and 
continuous  effort  opened  one  avenue  after  another. 

There  was  a  sincere  desire  that  the  monument  should 
represent  the  little  given  by  many  so  that  its  significance 
should  not  be  lost.  With  that  thought  in  mind,  Mrs. 
Sanborn  felt  that  it  would  be  good  for  the  school  chil- 
dren of  the  State  to  give  their  mite  in  the  name  of 
Mother.  She  went  to  Sacramento  in  April,  1914,  to  con- 
sult with  Mr.  Edward  Hyatt,  the  State  Superintendent 
of  Public  Schools.  With  the  most  sympathetic  interest 

[155] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

in  the  cause,  he  gave  instant  co-operation,  and  sent  a 
circular  letter  to  every  city  and  county  superintendent 
in  the  State. 

This  move  was  carried  out  with  remarkable  success, 
considering  that  by  the  time  the  circulars  reached  the 
schools,  some  of  them  were  closing  for  the  term.  In 
San  Francisco,  the  pennies  amounted  to  $661.59.  When 
all  the  pennies  were  counted,  the  amount  aggregated 
$1,362.02,  contributed  approximately  by  136,000  chil- 
dren, each  one  of  whom  will  always  have  a  sense  of  pro- 
prietorship in  the  beautiful  monument,  and  be  the  bet- 
ter men  and  women  for  the  sentiment  awakened  by  their 
participation.  It  would  have  been  pleasant  to  have  had 
but  a  penny  from  every  one,  but  the  boys  and  girls  grown 
tall  had  to  give  what  they  could  spare,  so  that  the  monu- 
ment might  grace  the  Exposition,  and  recall  to  all  the 
visitors  something  of  the  women  who  braved  the  dangers 
of  the  pioneer  days  of  the  country  that  had  grown  into 
a  wonderland. 

Vacation  days  and  the  absence  in  Europe  of  Mrs. 
Sanborn  made  a  summer  lull  in  the  work  of  collection. 
As  soon  as  she  returned,  Mrs.  Sanborn  waited  upon 
Governor  Hiram  W.  Johnson  and  at  her  request,  he 
made  Saturday,  October  24th,  "Mother  Monument 
Day." 

Because  of  lack  of  time  to  perfect  the  State-wide 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

organization  necessary  to  make  the  collection  in  one 
day,  the  return  was  not  worthy  of  the  cause  and  the 
splendid  appeal  made  by  the  Governor.  But  in  one  way 
and  another,  money  enough  was  raised  to  insure  the 
actual  making  and  casting  of  the  statue  and  its  placing 
on  a  temporary  base  in  front  of  the  great  rotunda  of 
the  Fine  Arts  Palace  on  June  30,  1915.  Mr.  Grafly 
did  not  insist  on  the  letter  of  his  contract.  He  took  the 
money  as  it  could  be  paid  and  graciously  waited  "for 
the  balance." 

In  justice  to  Mr.  Grafly,  as  well  as  to  the  men  and 
women  and  children  who  were  making  the  monument 
possible,  nothing  was  left  undone  to  insure  satisfactory 
results.  When  Mrs.  Sanborn  reached  this  country  from 
a  stay  in  Europe,  she  went  with  Mr.  Sanborn,  July 
19,  1914,  to  Gloucester,  Mass.,  where  Mr.  Grafly  had 
his  summer  studio  and  where  he  modeled  the  statue. 
From  this  visit,  a  satisfactory  report  was  brought  to 
the  Association  in  San  Francisco.  It  was  agreed,  how- 
ever, at  that  time,  that  still  another  committee  should 
see  the  model  before  it  was  sent  to  the  foundry.  The 
committee  was  composed  of  Mrs.  Phoebe  A.  Hearst 
and  United  States  Senator  James  D.  Phelan.  They 
reached  Boston  on  their  appointed  day,  and  gave  the 
final  approval  and  the  model  was  hurried  to  the 
foundry  in  Pennsylvania. 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

The  extra  precautions  taken  in  regard  to  this  monu- 
ment meant  several  months  of  delay,  so  instead  of  being 
installed  at  the  Exposition  on  the  last  day  of  December, 
1914,  it  was  June,  1915,  before  it  was  ready  for  unveil- 
ing. The  ceremony  took  place  June  3Oth  at  four  o'clock, 
and  it  was  agreed  that  it  was  by  far  the  most  beautiful 
and  impressive  celebration  of  the  thousands  that  had 
marked  the  interesting  way  of  the  Exposition.  In 
justice  to  all  the  others,  it  must  be  admitted  that  over 
none  brooded  such  appealing  sentiment,  and  no  other 
had  the  good  fortune  of  so  majestic  and  beautiful  a 
setting.  Mr.  Trask  gave  the  statue  the  center  of  the 
peristyle  of  the  Fine  Arts  Palace  in  front  of  its  main 
entrance.  Hundreds  of  seats  were  arranged  to  the  north 
and  south.  In  every  vista  was  either  the  lagoon,  some 
beautiful  growing  thing,  or  some  exquisite  work  of  art. 
And  all  these  fascinating  views  were  framed  by  the 
columns  that  lent  their  grace  and  dignity  to  this  palace, 
which  is  enchanting  by  night  and  inspiring  by  day. 
Every  feature  of  its  marvelous  setting  seemed  eminently 
fitted  for  this  picturesque  dedication. 

Judge  John  F.  Davis,  Grand  President  of  the  Native 
Sons  of  California,  was  chairman  of  the  day.  Seated 
with  him  were  Mrs.  Hearst,  the  honorary  chairman  of 
the  Association;  little  John  Randolph  Hearst,  her 
young  grandson,  who  had  been  selected  to  "pull  the 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

string"  of  the  enveloping  flag;  President  C.  C.  Moore 
of  the  Exposition;  President  Benjamin  Ide  Wheeler  of 
the  University  of  California,  who  wrote  the  dedication 
which  appears  on  the  bronze  panel  on  the  front  of  the 
pedestal;  Mr.  John  E.  D.  Trask,  Chief  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  Fine  Arts;  Mrs.  Margaret  Grote  Hill,  Grand 
President  of  the  Native  Daughters;  Mrs.  George  J. 
Bucknall,  chairman  of  the  Art  Committee,  who  was 
little  four-year-old  "California"  when  her  native  State 
was  admitted  to  the  Union  in  1850;  Mrs.  Helen  B. 
Ladd,  president  of  the  Pioneer  Women's  Association; 
Mrs.  Charles  C.  Moore,  and  Mr.  A.  R.  Woodhams,  of 
the  Santa  Clara  Pioneer  Society. 

Judge  Davis  in  giving  the  monument  into  the  custody 
of  President  Moore,  said  in  part: 

"The  finest  church  in  the  world,  Notre  Dame  of 
Paris,  set  on  the  most  beautiful  boulevard  in  the  world, 
honors  a  mother,  but  never  before  in  the  world  has  there 
been  erected  a  monument  for  the  explicit  purpose  of 
honoring  motherhood  in  the  abstract.  The  Panama- 
Pacific  International  Exposition  has  established  a  pre- 
cedent. On  the  pedestal,  you  will  see  the  reminders  of 
the  terror  and  horror  of  the  immigrant  trail.  But  also, 
you  will  see  the  bow  of  promise,  the  galleons  of  the 
Pacific  Seas  and  the  Golden  Gate.  I  shall  now  ask  little 
John  Randolph  Hearst,  the  grandson  of  one  of  the 

[159] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

noblest  women  of  the  country,  to  pull  the  cord  that  will 
unveil  the  monument.  I  shall  give  him  a  command 
that  I  trust  he  will  remember  all  the  days  of  his  life — 
John,  pull  the  string." 

There  was  a  mighty  tug  by  strong  young  arms  and 
then  the  statue  was  revealed.  The  Exposition  Band 
played  the  "Star  Spangled  Banner,"  while  the  flag  that 
enveloped  it  floated  away  to  an  arch  in  the  Fine  Arts 
dome,  making  a  picture  with  a  real  thrill  in  it. 

The  statue  is  heroic  in  proportion.  This  world-mother 
typifies  majesty,  dignity,  intellect,  efficiency,  sympathy 
and  love.  She  is  presenting  her  two  beautiful  children 
to  the  future  with  full  faith,  but  protecting  them  the 
while. 

The  sentiment  and  significance  of  the  dedication  to 
the  Pioneer  Mother  is  specifically  expressed  in  the 
panel,  which,  like  the  statue,  is  bronze.  The  pedestal  is 
of  fitting  marble.  The  dedication  appears  on  the  front 
panel.  Written  by  President  Benjamin  Ide  Wheeler  of 
the  University  of  California,  it  reads : 

"Over  rude  paths,  beset  with  hunger  and  risk,  she 
pressed  on  toward  the  vision  of  a  better  country.  To  an 
assemblage  of  men  busied  with  the  perishable  rewards 
of  today,  she  brought  the  threefold  leaven  of  enduring 
society — faith,  gentleness,  hope,  with  the  nurture  of 
children." 

[160] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

Below  the  inscription  is  a  relief  map  of  the  old 
Oregon  and  California  trails  to  the  West,  secured  from 
the  Iowa  State  Geographical  Society.  Another  bronze 
panel  with  prairie  schooner  and  western  group,  occu- 
pies the  rear  of  the  base. 

President  Moore  accepted  the  gift  for  the  Exposi- 
tion, saying  in  part: 

"I  hope  John  Randolph  Hearst  will  remember  this 
occasion  and  tell  it  to  his  children  and  his  grandchil- 
dren, for  never  in  his  life  will  he  participate  in  a  more 
beautiful  ceremony  or  one  fraught  with  more  sacred 
sentiment.  Never  in  the  world's  history  has  there  been 
such  a  noble,  beautiful  and  majestic  setting  for  a  cere- 
mony. The  sentiment  here  glorified  is  more  human  than 
any  other  which  may  be  entertained  by  man,  for  it  pays 
honor  to  man's  best  friend,  the  one  whose  confidence  in 
him  never  falters.  The  environment,  the  spirit,  the  very 
air  here,  interpret  man's  idealistic  conception  of  mother- 
hood. To  the  women  who  have  given  this  splendid 
monument  to  the  world,  all  honor  is  accorded  from  the 
public  with  special  honors  from  the  Exposition.  These 
buildings  will  soon  be  razed.  It  were  idle  to  hope 
that  they  will  be  perpetuated,  but  this  exquisite  monu- 
ment will  endure." 

Mrs.  Hill,  speaking  for  the  Native  Daughters,  paid 
a  tribute  to  Mrs.  Hearst  and  Mrs.  Sanborn,  the  two 

[161] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

women  who  had  done  the  most  to  bring  the  idea  of  a 
motherhood  monument  honoring  the  Pioneer  Women 
of  California  to  a  successful  fruition. 

Senator  James  D.  Phelan,  the  son  of  pioneers,  added 
his  message  of  appreciation  for  the  sentiment  that  had 
given  the  beautiful  monument  to  the  Exposition  and 
the  city. 

Mr.  John  E.  D.  Trask  declared  that  what  the  Col- 
leoni  was  to  Venice,  the  Lion  of  Lucerne  to  Switzer- 
land, the  Shaw  Memorial  of  St.  Gaudens  to  New  Eng- 
land, the  monument  of  the  Pioneer  Mother  will  mean 
to  the  entire  West. 

Dr.  Benjamin  Ide  Wheeler's  tribute,  splendid  in  its 
every  thought  and  classic  in  its  phrasing,  is  so  exquisite 
a  eulogy  to  the  pioneer  women  of  California,  it  is  quoted 
in  full.  He  said: 

"We  stand  in  a  great  place.  The  mountains  look 
down  on  the  sea.  Tide  and  highway  meet.  The  new 
West  faces  the  ancient  East.  We  are  assembled  on  a 
great  day.  High  festival  proclaims  how  a  youngest 
nation  joining  its  coasts  into  one,  opens  here  the  chief 
portal  of  its  fate.  It  is  a  place  and  a  time  when  such 
symbols  as  we  rear  speak  with  their  deepest  meaning. 

"The  skill  of  the  artist  has  fashioned  in  beauty  for  us 
here  the  figures  of  mother  and  children.  What  they 
shall,  however,  mean  to  each  of  us  will  depend  where- 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

with  we  each  shall  see.  But  this  much  will  be  open  to 
every  eye:  where  the  mother  is,  there  is  the  present 
home;  in  the  mother's  forward  look,  there  is  the  hope 
of  the  days  to  come. 

"It  is  the  work  of  men  to  take  risks  and  to  pursue  the 
irregular  and  the  extraordinary;  it  is  the  task  of  women 
to  establish  normal  standards  and  to  appoint  the  recur- 
ring order  of  things.  Men  drive  at  the  shifting  goals  of 
the  day;  woman's  life  yearns  toward  permanence  and 
order,  morals  and  the  home. 

"The  men  of  the  pioneers  were  riskful  and  virile  far 
beyond  the  ordinary  lot  of  humans.  Seldom  had  men  in 
all  the  experience  of  the  world  been  called  upon  so 
suddenly  to  create  for  themselves  a  new  mode  of  living. 
The  vehement  and  the  temporary  were  written  on  all 
their  doings  and  arrangements.  Danger  and  hardship 
beset  them  in  all  their  paths. 

"But  for  the  presence  of  women  it  would  have  been 
after  all  only  a  foray  or  raid.  Men  would  have  taken 
what  they  wanted,  scarred  the  hillside  and  made  off. 
Beauty  and  order,  home  and  fireside,  school  and  church 
had  not  been  there  at  all. 

"This  woman  who  draws  her  children  about  her 
creates  the  sacred  shelter  of  the  home  and  lays  thereby 
the  deep  and  sacred  foundations  of  human  society.  The 
woman  who  peers  out  widely  over  the  rough  paths  and 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

perils  toward  a  vision  of  blessed  valleys  brings  with  her 
the  promise  of  sweetness  and  light  and  faith  in  better 
days  and  nobler  things." 

The  presence  of  Mrs.  Pattie  Lewis  Reed  gave  a  touch 
of  exquisite  pathos,  the  more  marked  because  totally 
unexpected.  Mrs.  Reed,  the  only  surviving  member  of 
the  immigrant  Donner  Party,  was  brought  from  the 
audience  to  the  platform.  When  she  was  presented 
Judge  Davis  sketched  the  fateful  story  of  the  Donner 
Party,  nearly  every  member  of  which  died  on  the  shores 
of  the  lake  which  now  bears  the  name  of  the  courageous 
company.  As  he  talked,  the  dainty  pioneer  lady  opened 
a  treasured  package  which  contained  the  funny,  old- 
fashioned  bit  of  a  doll  she  had  carried  across  the  plains, 
cuddled  through  that  long  dreadful  winter  and  pre- 
served during  all  the  intervening  years. 

And  so  it  was  that  there  were  smiles  and  tears  on  that 
wondrous  day  in  1915  when  the  best  of  all  human  im- 
pulses— reverence  and  patriotism — were  stirred  to 
heart-depths  by  the  beauty  and  significance  of  the  cere- 
monies attending  the  presentation  to  the  Exposition  and 
the  Municipality  of  the  gift  statue  honoring  the  Ma- 
donna of  the  West. 


CHAPTER  X 


Q 


Stockholders 


,UITE  like  the  men  and  the  women  who  became 
stockholders  of  the  Panama-Pacific  International  Expo- 
sition, the  women  who  supported  the  co-operative, 
helpful  attitude  of  the  Woman's  Board  looked  for  no 
reward.  The  honor  of  their  State  and  particularly  that 
of  San  Francisco  was  at  stake,  and  as  citizens  they  were 
willing  to  maintian  it  by  every  loyal  means. 

Busy  with  many  constructive  measures,  the  Woman's 
Board  made  no  active  campaign  to  sell  the  stock  it  had 
issued.  At  the  very  beginning,  a  majority  of  the  block 
of  25,000  shares  was  subscribed  to  by  the  thirty-six  mem- 
bers of  the  Board.  This  action  was  both  necessary  and 
expedient,  because  authority  should  go  with  responsi- 
bility. Further,  it  was  fitting  that  liability  should  be 
assumed  by  the  women  who  were  charged  with  the  dis- 
tribution of  the  funds. 

This  action  of  the  Woman's  Board  was  announced, 
also  the  fact  that  stock  was  for  sale  to  women  who  could 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

not  or  would  not  engage  in  the  active  work.  Members 
of  the  Board  invited  friends  to  subscribe,  and  as  time 
went  on,  many  asked  to  buy  stock  in  small  quantities. 
In  all,  there  were  three  hundred  and  eighty-five  stock- 
holders. 

Annual  meetings  were  held  and  reports  submitted, 
also  important  measures,  such  as  the  organization  of  the 
Travelers'  Aid  Society.  Directors  were  elected  and 
routine  business  transacted.  Interest  in  the  work  always 
assured  a  good  attendance. 

An  important  meeting  was  called  for  December  4th, 
the  last  day  of  the  Exposition,  but  it  was  adjourned  un- 
til the  afternoon  of  December  9th,  when  reports  were 
made  and  an  estimate  submitted  by  the  Treasurer  of  the 
probable  balance  to  the  credit  of  the  stockholders  when 
work  in  hand  was  complete.  When  the  announcement 
was  made  that  the  amount  would  approximate  several 
thousand  dollars  a  motion  to  give  it  to  the  Travelers' 
Aid  was  unanimously  carried.  One  provision  went  with 
the  gift — that  the  money  be  placed  as  the  nucleus  of  an 
endowment  fund  to  bear  the  name  of  the  Woman's 
Board  of  the  Panama-Pacific  International  Exposition. 

The  stockholders  of  the  Woman's  Board  were: 

ADAMS,  MRS.  EDSON  F.  ALEXANDER,  MRS.  C.  B. 

ADAMS,  MRS.  LAWSON  S.  ALLEN,  MRS.  GENEVIEVE 

AINSWORTH,  MRS.  FRANK  H.        AMES,  MRS.  FISHER 

[166] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 


ANDERSON,  MRS.  ALDEN 
ANDERSON,  MRS.  FRANK  B. 
ANGELLOTTI,  MRS.  F.  M. 
ASHE,  MRS.  WM.  W. 

BAILLY,  MRS.  T.  EDWARD 
BALL,  Miss  KATHERINE  R. 
BALDWIN,  MRS.  A.  S. 
BANCROFT,  MRS.  A.  L. 
BATES,  MRS.  GEORGE  E. 
BAXTER,  MRS.  GEO.  P. 
BELSHAW,  MRS.  CHAS.  M.* 
BENEDICT,  MRS.  EGBERT  J. 
BENEDICT,  MRS.  EMMA  HAYES 
BENTLEY,  MRS.  ROBERT  I. 
BERNHARD,  MRS.  GEO.  M. 
BERRYHILL,  MRS.  JAMES  I. 
BERTOLA,  MARIANA,  M.  D. 
BIGELOW,  MRS.  S.  C.* 
BIXLER,  MRS.  DAVID 
BLACK,  MRS.  ALFRED  PRESSLEY 
BLACK,  MRS.  JAMES  A. 
BLACK,  MRS.  ORLOW 
BLACK-SPENS,  MRS.  H. 
BLANDING,  Miss  LENA 
BLANEY,  MRS.  CHAS.  D. 
BOGGS,  MRS.  A.  G. 
BOWLES,  MRS.  PHILIP  E. 
BOWMAN,  Miss  ELSIE 


BOYD,  MRS.  FRANK  GAVIN 
BOYD,  MRS.  JOHN  F. 
BOYD,  Miss  LOUISE  ARNER 
BRADLEY,  MRS.  F.  W. 
BRICE,  Miss  ELIZABETH  B. 
BRICE,  MRS.  ELIZABETH  T. 
BRIGGS,  MRS.  CLARENCE  F. 
BRIGGS,  MRS.  WALLACE  W. 
BRIGGS,  MRS.  WM.  ELLERY 
BRINEGAR,  MRS.  E.  P. 
BROUGHER,  MRS.  HENRY  CALVIN 
BROWN,  MRS.  ABRAHAM  LINCOLN 
BROWN,  DR.  ADELAIDE 
BROWN,  MRS.  ARTHUR  MERRILL 
BROWN,  MRS.  FRANK  L. 
BUCK,  MRS.  JOHN  A. 
BUCK,  MRS.  WALTER  E. 
BULLARD,  MRS.  EDWARD  D. 
BUNCE,  MRS.  ELIZABETH 
BURCH,  MRS.  ALBERT 
BUTIN,  MRS.  J.  S. 

CAMERON,  MRS.  GEO.  TOLAND 
CAROLAN,  MRS.  FRANCIS 
CARPENTER,  Miss  ESTELLE 
CARR,  MRS.  AUSTIN  L. 
CERF,  MRS.  MARCEL  E. 
CHICKERING,  MRS.  ALLAN 
CLARK,  MRS.  BAYLESS  COLEMAN 


•Deceased. 


[167] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 


CLARK,  MRS.  WARREN  D. 
CLARKE,  MRS.  CRAWFORD  W. 
CLOUGH,  Miss  HILDA 
COLEMAN,  MRS.  ETTA 
COLEMAN,  MRS.  ROBERT  LORD 
CONGER,  MRS.  SIDNEY  J. 
COOK,  MRS.  PETER  C. 
COOPER,  MRS.  MINNIE  SABIN 
COTTON,  MRS.  A.  R. 
CRAWFORD,  MRS.  JAMES  C. 
CROCKER,  MRS.  C.  H. 
CROCKER,  MRS.  HENRY  J. 
CROCKER,  MRS.  WM.  H. 
CROCKETT,  MRS.  CARO 
CROWELL,  MRS.  MONTFORT  K. 
CURREY,  MRS.  ROBERT  J. 
CURTISS,  MRS.  G.  L. 
CUSHMAN,  MRS.  DOUGLAS 
CUTTEN,  MRS.  J.  E. 

DANIELS,  Miss  JOSEPHINE  F. 
DARLING,  MRS.  JOHN  A. 
DAVIS,  MRS.  JOHN  F. 
DAVIS,  MRS.  WINFIELD  SCOTT 
DECKER,  MRS.  KATE  A. 
DEERING,  MRS.  T.  P. 

DEGREAYER,  MRS.  JEAN  E. 

DENNISON,  MRS.  WALTER  E. 
DENMAN,  MRS.  WILLIAM 
DE  PUE,  MRS.  E.  J. 

[168] 


DETRICK,  MRS.  JESSIE  BOWIE 
DEVLIN,  MRS.  ROBERT  T. 
DEVLIN,  MRS.  WILLIAM  HUGH 
DE  YOUNG,  MRS.  M.  H. 
DE  YOUNG,  Miss  PHYLLIS 
DIETRICH,  MRS.  H.  D. 
DILL,  MRS.  LAURA  MARSHALL 
DIMOND,  MRS.  EDWIN  R. 
DUNNE,  MRS.  PETER  FRANCIS 
DONOHOE,  MRS.  Jos.  A. 
DONOVAN,  MRS.  ELLEN  DWYEI 
DORNE,  MRS.  NELLIE  W. 
DOZIER,  MRS.  THOS.  B. 

DUTARD,  MRS.  HlPPOLYTE 

EDWARDS,  MRS.  C.  H. 
EDWARDS,  MRS.  JAMES  W. 
ELLIOTT,  MRS.  ADELAIDE 
ESBERG,  MRS.  MATILDA 
ESBERG,  MRS.  MILTON  H. 
EYRE,  MRS.  EDWARD  L. 

FARRELL,  MRS.  JAMES 
FENNIMORE,  MRS.  WATSON  D. 
FIFE,  MRS.  JOHN 
FINNELL,  MRS.  JAMES 
FISK,  MRS.  KATE  B. 
FITCH,  MRS.  CLARA  V. 
FITCH,  Miss  VIRGINIA 
FLEISHHACKER,  MRS.  MORTIME: 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

FLINT,  MRS.  THOMAS  HANIFY,  MRS.  JOHN 

FLOURNOY,  MRS.  JOHN  HARVEY,  MRS.  JOSEPH 

FOLGER,  MRS.  J.  A.  HASTINGS,  Miss  ELLA 

FORDERER,  MRS.  GEORGE  S.  HAUGH,  MRS.  S.  J. 

FREEMAN,  MRS.  ABRAHAM  C.        HAVEN,  MRS.  THOS.  EASTMAN 
FREEMAN,  Miss  MABEL  HAYES,  Miss  LIDA  A. 

HAYS,  MRS.  JACK 

GALLWEY,  MRS.  JOHN  HEARST,  MRS.  PHOEBE  A. 

GHIRARDELLI,  MRS.  Louis  HECHT,  MRS.  HELEN 

GIFFIN,  MRS.  O.  F.  HELLER,  MRS.  E.  S. 

GOODRICH,  MRS.  EDWARD  E.         HELLMAN,  JR.,  MRS.  I.  W. 
GOODWIN-BERRY,  MRS.  MINDORA  HENSHAW,  MRS.  WILLIAM  G. 
GOOSEN,  MRS.  HENRY  HERTZ,  MRS.  Louis 

GOTTLOB,  MRS.  J.  J.  HETH,  Miss  NANNIE  RANDOLPJ 

GRANGE,  MRS.  CLARENCE  HIGGINS,  MRS.  MARVIN  R. 

GRANT,  MRS.  JOSEPH  D.  HOGUE,  MRS.  LUNDY  B. 

GRIMES,  Miss  ALICE  HOLLINGSWORTH,  Miss  NELLIE 

GRUNSKY,  MRS.  C.  E.  HOLMES,  MRS.  C.  EDWARD 

GUNST,  MRS.  M.  A.  HOLMES,  MRS.  E.  CLARENCE 

HOLMES,  MRS.  HOWARD  C. 

HAAS,  MRS.  A.  HOOKER,  Miss  JENNIE  M. 

HAAS,  MRS.  WILLIAM  HOPKINS,  MRS.  TIMOTHY 

HAKIM,  MRS.WILLIAM  NICHOLAS  HOUSTON,  MRS.  ALBERT 
HALE,  Miss  CLARISSE  HOWARD,  MRS.  HORACE  P. 

HALE,  MRS.  O.  A.  HOWARD,  Miss  KATHERINE  I. 

HALE,  MRS.  P.  C.  HUGHES,  Miss  CHARLOTTE  E. 

HALE,  MRS.  REUBEN  BROOKS        HUNT,  MRS.  CHAS.  F. 
HALL,  Miss  KATE  M.  HUNT,  MRS.  E.  L. 

HAMMER,  MRS.  WM.  HUNTINGTON,  MRS.  MARY  A. 

[170] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

IRELAND,  MRS.  WM.  BETHUNE     LINDLEY,  MRS.  DOUGLAS  A. 

IRVINE,  MRS.  WILLIAM  HENRY     LLOYD,  MRS.  CHAS.  R. 

LONG,  Miss  AMY 
LONG,  MRS.  OSCAR  F. 
LONG,  Miss  SALLY 
Low,  Miss  FLORA  C. 
LOWENBERG,  MRS.  I. 
LUND,  MRS.  GEO.  EMILE 
LUNDBORG,  MlSS  FLORENCE 


JACKS,  MRS.  L.  D. 

JACOBS,  MRS.  E.  P. 

JOHNS,  MRS.  JOHN 

JOHNSON,  JR.,  MRS.  HIRAM  W. 

JOYCE,  MRS.  F.  L. 

JONES,  MRS.  A.  F. 

JUDSON,  MRS.  CHAS.  C. 

JUNG,  MRS.  LEONIE 

KAHN,  MRS.  IRA 
KEENEY,  MRS.  CHAS. 
KNOBLOCH,  MRS.  NORA  AGNES 
KNOX,  MRS.  FRED.  W. 
KOSHLAND,  MRS.  MARCUS  S. 
KREBS,  MRS.  ABBIE  E. 

LANDFIELD,  MRS.  JEROME  B. 


MABURY,  Miss  CARLOTTA 
MACDONALD,  MRS.  GEO. 
MACKENZIE,  MRS.  JOHN  H. 
MACKRILLE,  MRS.  IDA  FINNEY 
MADARY,  MRS.  MATHIAS  R. 
MALPAS,  DR.  IDA  MAY 
MARTIN,  MRS.  WALTER  S. 
MATSON,  MRS.  WM. 
MAUD,  MRS.  CHAS.  E. 
MCCARTHY,  MRS.  CHAS.  F. 


LANSDALE,  MRS.  PHILIP  VAN  H.  MCCREARY,  MRS.  FANNIE  C. 


LATHROP,  MRS.  LELAND  S. 
LENT,  MRS.  GEO. 
LEWANDOWSKI,  MRS.  J.  A. 
LEWIS,  MRS.  CHARLES  L. 

LlLIENTHAL,  MRS.  ERNEST  R. 
LlLIENTHAL,  MRS.  JESSE  W. 


MCDONALD,  Miss  BLYTHE 
MCDONALD,  MRS.  JAMES 
McGEE,  MRS.  WM.  J. 
McKEE,  MRS.  JOHN  D. 
MCKINSTRY,  Miss  LAURA 
MCLENNAN,  MRS.  FRANK  P. 


LlLIENTHAL,  MRS.  THEODORE  M.  McMuLLIN,  MRS.  JOHN 
LlNDGREN,  MRS.  C.  J.  MCMURTRY,  MlSS  BELLE  S. 

[171] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 


MCNEAR,  MRS.  AMANDA  M. 
McNEAR,  JR.,  MRS.  GEO.  W. 
MCNEAR,  MRS.  JOHN  A. 
McNuTT,  MRS.  MAXWELL 
MERRILL,  MRS.  JOHN  F. 
MERRITT,  MRS.  JEANNETTE  E. 
METCALF,  MRS.  VICTOR  H. 
MEYERFELD,  MRS.  MORRIS 
MHOON,  MRS.  JOHN  B. 


PAYNE,  MRS.  FRANK 
PAYNE,  MRS.  THEODORE  F. 
PELTIER,  Miss  JEANETTE 
PENNOYER,  MRS.  ALBERT  A. 
PETERS,  Miss  ANNE  D. 
PETERSON,  MRS.  FERDINAND  C. 
PFINGST,  MRS.  FLORENCE  PORTE 
PHELPS,  MRS.  TIMOTHY  GUY 
PHILIP,  MRS.  JOHN  HAROLD 


MICHAELS,  MRS.  CHAS.  FREDERIC  PILLSBURY,  MRS.  HORACE  D. 

MONSARRAT,  MRS.  SAMUEL  A.          PlNCKARD,  MRS.  GEO. 


MONRO,  MRS.  WILLIAM  JAMES 

MONTEAGLE,  MRS.  LOUIS  F. 

MORGAN,  Miss  ELEANOR  W. 
MORRISON,  MRS.  A.  F. 
MORROW,  MRS.  HOWARD 
MOTT,  MRS.  ERNEST  J. 
MYERS,  MRS.  GARFIELD 

NELSON,  MRS.  F.  F. 
NELSON,  MRS.  N.  L. 
NORRIS,  MRS.  B.  F. 
NUTTALL,  MRS.  J.  R.  K. 

ORR,  MRS.  ROBERT  INGALS 
OXNARD,  MRS.  ROBERT 

PAGE,  MRS.  GEO.  T. 
PANTER,  MRS.  FRANK 
PARKS,  MRS.  MARY  PHEBY 

[  172] 


PINTHER,  MRS.  THEODORE 
PISCHEL,  MRS.  KASPAR 
POPE,  MRS.  GEO.  A. 
PORTER,  MRS.  MINNIE  C. 
POSEY,  MRS.  ADDISON  C. 
POWERS,  MRS.  FRANK  H. 
PRAY,  MRS.  MILTON  F. 
PUTNAM,  MRS.  OSGOOD 

RAINEY,  MRS.  EDWARD 
RANSOME,  MRS.  BERNARD  P. 
REDING,  MRS.  WM. 
REQUA,  MRS.  I.  L. 
RICHARDS,  MRS.  AUSTIN  C. 
RIDEOUT,  MRS.  NORMAN 
ROBBINS,  MRS.  LLOYD  M. 
ROBBINS,  MRS.  REUEL  D. 
ROBERTSON,  MRS.  JOHN  H. 
ROSENSTOCK,  MRS.  SARAH 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 


ROTHSCHILD,  MRS.  JOHN 
RUDE,  DR.  ANNE  E. 
RUSSELL,  MRS.  ALEXANDER 

SANBORN,  MRS.  F.  G. 
SARGENT,  MRS.  GEO.  CLARK 
SCHILLING,  MRS.  AUGUST 
SCHLESINGER,  MRS.  BERT 
SCHLOSS,  MRS.  FLORENCE  F. 
SCHWAMM,  Miss  LOUISE 
SCHWAMM,  MRS.  MARGARETHA 
SCOTT,  MRS.  HARRY  H. 
SCOTT,  MRS.  HENRY  T. 
SCOTT,  MRS.  IRVING  M. 
SCOTT,  MRS.  LAURANCE  IRVING 
SEALE,  MRS.  JESSIE  CARR 
SESNON,  MRS.  WM.  T. 
SESSIONS,  MRS.  DAVID  R. 
SEYMOUR,  MRS.  WALTER 
SHEA,  MRS.  JAMES 
SHERMAN,  MRS.  L.  S. 


SLOSS,  MRS.  M.  C. 
SLOSSON,  MRS.  HENRY  LAWRENCE 
SMITH,  Miss  CHARLOTTE  L. 
SMITH,  MRS.  JULIUS  PAUL 
SMITH,  MRS.  MARY  STEWART 
SMITH,  MRS.  SIDNEY  V. 
SNOWBALL,  Miss  LUCILE 
SON,  Miss  BLANCHE  E. 
SON,  Miss  HELEN  ANNE 
SPENCER,  MRS.  FRED  F. 
SPERRY,  MRS.  AUSTIN 
SPERRY,  MRS.  GEO.  B. 
SPIEKER,  MRS.  J.  J. 
SPRAGUE,  Miss  FRANCES 
STADTMULLER,  MRS.  EDWIN  W. 
STANTON,  MRS.  C.  S. 
STANWOOD,  MRS.  E.  B. 
STERN,  MRS.  ABRAHAM 
STERN,  MRS.  SIGMUND 
STEVENS,  MRS.  WILLIAM  E. 
STONE,  MRS.  FREDERICK  P. 
STONEY,  MRS.  GAILLARD 


SHERWOOD,  MRS.  HENRY  H. 

SHIELDS,  MRS.  ALEXANDER  McM.SussMAN,  Miss  EMILIE 

SHURTLEFF,  MRS.  CHARLES  A.      SWEET,  MRS.  JAMES  S. 


SIMPSON,  MRS.  ERNEST  S. 
SIMS,  MRS.  J.  C. 

SlNSHEIMER,  MRS.  A.  Z. 

SLACK,  MRS.  CHAS.  W. 
SLACK,  Miss  EDITH 
SLOSS,  MRS.  JOSEPH 


SWEETLAND,  MRS.  CLIFFORD 

SWIFT,  MRS.  JOHN  F. 

TARKE,  MRS.  Louis 
TAYLOR,  MRS.  WM.  HINCKLEY 
TEVIS,  MRS.  WM.  S. 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 
THIERIOT,  MRS.  FERDINAND          WEBER,  MRS.  J.  J. 


THOMAS,  MRS.  HARRY  W. 
TOBIN,  MRS.  JOSEPH  OLIVER 
TOBIN,  MRS.  JOSEPH  SADOC 
TODD,  MRS.  FRANK  GREGORY 
TOWLE,  MRS.  G.  W. 
TOY,  MRS.  GEO.  D. 
TRABUCCO,  MRS.  JOSEPH  J. 
TUBES,  MRS.  ALFRED  S. 
TUBES,  MRS.  WM.  B. 
TUCKER,  MRS.  JAMES  ELLIS 
TUTTLE,  MRS.  C.  W. 

VAN  FLEET,  MRS.  WM.  GARY 
VAN  WINKLE,  Miss  HELEN 


WEBBER,  MRS.  GEO.  EDWARD 
WEINSTOCK,  MRS.  HARRIS 
WEIR,  MRS.  WM.  B. 
WENZELBURG,  MRS.  A. 
WETMORE,  MRS.  CLARENCE 
WHEELER,  MRS.  CHAS.  STETSO 
WHITE,  ]V[RS.  LOVELL 
WHITE,  MRS.  ROBERT 
WHITING,  MRS.  RANDOLPH  V. 
WILLIAMS,  MRS.  ELIA  GILBERT 
WILSON,  MRS.  RUSSELL  J. 
WOOD,  MRS.  E.  K. 
WOODWARD,  MRS.  THOS.  P. 
WOOLSEY,  MRS.  CHESTER  H. 


VAN  WYCK,  JR.,  MRS.  SIDNEY  M.  WRIGHT,  MRS.  EDWARD  CLARK 


VOLKMANN,  MRS.  GEO.  F. 

WALLACE,  MRS.  HAMILTON  S. 
WALTER,  MRS.  I.  N. 
WARNER,  MRS.  MURRAY 
WARR,  MRS.  H. 
WATSON,  MRS.  WILLIAM  C. 


WRIGHT,  MRS.  J.  B. 
WRIGHT,  MRS.  SELDEN  S. 
WYMORE,  MRS.  WILLIAM  W. 

YERINGTON,  MRS.  H.  M. 
YOUNG,  Miss  EDITH 
YOUNG,  MRS.  WM.  W. 


[174] 


CHAPTER  XI 


O 


Finance 


NCE  upon  a  time  a  San  Francisco  banker  said  to 
an  interesting  young  woman  actively  engaged  in  prac- 
tical philanthropies,  that  he  would  be  quite  happy  to 
have  her  one  of  his  directors.  He  declared  that  the  kind 
of  financing  that  could  start  without  a  dollar,  run  be- 
hind each  month  and  come  out  at  the  end  of  a  year  with 
$20,000  on  the  right  side  of  the  ledger  was  worth  analyz- 
ing. This  wonder-worker  in  finance  was  a  member  of 
the  Woman's  Board,  but  it  was  not  her  responsibility 
to  think  of  its  debits  and  credits.  She  felt  entirely  at 
home,  however,  because  the  miracle  of  money  happened 
steadily  throughout  the  years  of  its  active  existence. 

The  Woman's  Board  started  without  a  dollar.  It 
never  received  anything  akin  to  a  subsidy  or  a  gift  from 
official  sources.  It  financed  its  affairs,  guided  by  the  best 
knowledge  the  members  could  bring  to  their  problems, 
but  backed  always  by  an  abiding  sense  of  responsibility 
plus  genuine  enthusiasm  and  plenty  of  hard  work. 

[175] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

Women  associated  with  all  former  Expositions  had 
but  one  problem — how  to  spend  the  money  that  was 
given  to  them.  An  official  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Man- 
agers of  the  St.  Louis  Exposition  while  in  San  Francisco 
made  definite,  interested  inquiries  as  to  the  financial 
status  of  the  Woman's  Board.  After  a  genuine  expres- 
sion of  appreciation  and  astonishment  she  said: 

aWe  had  $104,502.29  from  the  Federal  Government. 
Of  course,  we  worked  to  get  it,  but  it  was  ours  to  handle 
as  we  would.  Try  as  we  did,  we  could  not  spend  it  all. 
We  entertained  every  available  person,  we  furnished 
our  headquarters  with  the  handsomest  things  obtainable, 
but  we  finally  had  to  turn  $26,666.66  over  to  President 
Francis  of  the  Exposition." 

In  interesting  ways,  some  expected  and  some  not, 
money  came,  and  to  spare,  to  finance  the  great  variety  of 
undertakings  of  the  Woman's  Board.  The  members  real- 
ized their  obligations  and  they  had  faith  that  they  would 
meet  them,  but  they  had  no  way  of  approximating  their 
extent.  Neither  could  they  plan  methods  of  procedure 
accurately.  For  the  most  part,  they  took  each  day's  de- 
mand as  it  came,  but  "dipped  into  the  future"  just  as 
fast  and  as  far  as  the  best  available  light  would  illumine 
a  perfectly  new  road.  Occasionally  there  was  a  little 
careful  traveling  in  the  dark,  but  the  Board  developed 
considerable  ability  to  keep  the  lights  in  good  order. 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

Handling  and  conserving  the  income  of  the  Woman's 
Board  was  a  real  responsibility.  It  was  assumed  by  Mrs. 
Philip  E.  Bowles,  who  was  elected  treasurer  at  the  time 
of  incorporation  and  served  until  the  last  day  of  the 
Board's  accountability.  When  she  accepted  the  trust, 
Mrs.  Bowles  announced  her  intention  of  filing  a  $10,000 
bond.  Women  accustomed  to  amiable,  ruleless,  enthu- 
siastic ways  of  doing  business,  considering  simple  good 
faith  as  ample  protection,  would  not  have  thought  of 
such  a  formal  action.  Mrs.  Bowles,  equally  unused  to 
responsibility,  but  having  a  keen  insight  as  to  the  kind 
of  a  trust  she  had  undertaken,  would  proceed  in  no 
other  way. 

The  members  of  the  Board  soon  learned  that  there 
was  some  one  at  the  helm  who  would  not  permit  enthu- 
siasms to  bring  the  corporation  anywhere  near  the  red 
ink  in  their  totals,  and  who  was  always  ready  to  report 
on  the  financial  status  of  the  corporation.  Her  policy 
was  generous  and  helpful,  but  firm  and  wide-awake. 
With  this  knowledge,  women  of  the  Board  went  their 
busy  ways  gathering  their  fund,  comfortable  and  con- 
fident that  their  rating  was  always  "solvent." 

The  finance  committee,  acting  with  Mrs.  Bowles  and 
the  president,  was  composed  of  Mrs.  I.  W.  Hellman, 
Jr.,  chairman;  Mrs.  Lovell  White,  Mrs.  Frank  Ander- 
son, Mrs.  Joseph  D.  Grant,  Mrs.  Phoebe  A.  Hearst, 

[i77l 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

Mrs.  R.  B.  Hale,  Mrs.  Charles  W.  Slack,  Mrs.  Jesse  W. 
Lilienthal  and  Mrs.  Francis  Carolan. 

Articles  of  incorporation  filed  by  the  Woman's  Board 
provided  for  a  stock  subscription  of  $25,000,  stock  to  be 
$10  a  share.  As  a  great  responsibility  was  vested  in  the 
Board,  a  majority  of  the  stock  was  bought  by  the  mem- 
bers. Of  the  entire  block  1921  shares  were  sold,  bringing 
to  the  Board  $19,210. 

The  next  important  step  taken  by  the  Board,  having 
a  financial  as  well  as  a  great  co-operative  value,  was  the 
organization  of  the  women  of  California  into  an  Aux- 
iliary, the  status  of  which  has  been  told  in  the  chapter 
on  County  Organization.  The  membership  fee  of  $2  in 
the  Auxiliary  brought  into  the  treasury  $14,802  from 
San  Francisco  County  and  $16,940  from  other  counties. 
Supplementing  the  membership,  the  Board  issued  a  pin 
which  increased  the  Board's  assets  by  $2,698.55.  A  sub- 
stantial source  of  income  developed  in  the  handling  of 
the  Tea  and  Luncheon  Room  and  the  Dansant  Tea 
Service  in  the  California  Ballroom.  It  netted  $18,510.25. 

The  Board  was  most  fortunate  in  its  special  contribu- 
tions, Marin  County  women  giving  over  $1000  of  the 
$3,431.25  which  came  in  that  way.  Generous  contribu- 
tions to  the  furnishing  fund  were  made  by  Mrs.  Phoebe 
A.  Hearst,  Mrs.  George  A.  Pope,  Mrs.  Henry  T.  Scott, 
Mrs.  I.  Lowenberg,  Mrs.  Abbie  E.  Krebs,  Mrs.  J.  R. 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

Bidwell,  Mrs.  Louis  Sloss,  and  Mrs.  J.  F.  Bedesen  for 
Merced  County. 

For  the  accommodation  of  its  Auxiliary  members,  the 
Board  handled  Exposition  season  tickets  aggregating 
$35,760.  This  was  done  without  expense  to  the  Exposi- 
tion administration.  As  against  that  transaction,  the  Ex- 
position handled  a  large  amount  of  printing  and  pub- 
licity detail  for  the  Woman's  Board.  There  was  always 
an  exchange  of  service  and  courtesy  between  the  two 
boards,  just  such  as  obtains  in  a  large  harmonious 
family,  but  which  can  never  be  expressed  in  terms  of 
money.  It  is  acknowledged  freely  and  gratefully  by 
both  boards. 

Interesting  detail  of  the  extensive  entertaining  of  the 
Exposition  guests  done  by  the  Woman's  Board  has  been 
explained  in  a  former  chapter.  One  item  in  the  treas- 
urer's report  of  this  feature  deserves  an  explanatory 
note.  It  reads,  "Payments,  $18,203.51,"  and  against  that 
amount,  "Collections,  $7,583.25."  This  means  that  when 
members  of  the  Board  or  other  stockholders  were  par- 
ticipants in  official  entertainments,  they  paid  their  way. 
Their  cards  always  carried  the  price  per  plate.  This 
procedure  obtained  from  the  first  of  the  pre-Exposition 
affairs  to  the  last  formal  function.  This  statement  in 
dollars  and  cents  does  not  even  remotely  suggest  either 
the  extent  or  the  cost  of  the  entertaining  done  by  the 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

Woman's  Board,  because  a  large  percentage  of  adminis- 
tration expenses  were  incurred  for  this  phase  of  the 
work.  Further  than  that,  no  estimate  can  ever  be  made 
of  the  never-ending  service  given  by  the  members  of  the 
Board  who  carried  this  responsibility. 

Figures  do  not  explain  another  account — the  cost  and 
salvage  of  furniture.  That  story  must  find  its  classifica- 
tion among  those  that  tell  of  social  service  in  which  im- 
pulse, guided  by  a  little  common  sense  and  human  sym- 
pathy, determined  procedure.  When  the  Exposition 
closed  all  the  normally  salable  furniture  and  carpets  had 
found  new  owners,  or  were  stored  awaiting  disposition. 
The  remaining,  furniture  had  been  made  for  unusual 
spaces  and  uses  and  could  not  have  been  sold  except  to 
a  dealer  for  the  proverbial  song.  Rather  than  stand  re- 
sponsible for  this  economic  waste,  it  was  decided  to  give 
large  pieces  to  institutions  in  need  of  them  and  where 
they  would  give  a  life-time  of  service.  Beneficiaries 
under  this  ruling  were  the  Associated  Charities,  the 
Young  Women's  Christian  Association,  the  Home  for 
Incurables  and  the  orphans. 

It  is  not  possible  at  the  date  of  going  to  press  to  give 
the  last  item  of  income  and  expenditure,  but  it  is  possible 
to  say  where  the  balance  in  the  treasury  will  go  when 
double  lines  shall  have  ruled  off  the  last  entry.  The 
stockholders,  as  noted  in  the  preceding  chapter,  voted 

[180] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

that  it  should  be  given  to  the  Travelers'  Aid  Society,  or- 
ganized by  the  Woman's  Board  and  the  dearest  con- 
cern of  the  women  of  California.  This  action  was  taken, 
knowing  that  the  amount  might  approximate  several 
thousand  dollars. 

In  order  to  save  the  last  possible  cent  for  this  work, 
Mrs.  Hearst,  the  Honorary  President,  always  the 
Board's  help  in  time  of  need,  gave  rent-free  offices  in 
the  Hearst  Building  for  the  use  of  the  corporation  until 
it  shall  have  discharged  its  last  obligation. 

The  following  report  is  submitted  by  Mrs.  Bowles : 


[181] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

TREASURER'S  STATEMENT 

From  date  of  Organization  to  December  7,  1915 
RECEIPTS 

Stock  Subscriptions: 

1921  Shares  at  $10.00  per  share $  19,210.00 

Memberships : 

San  Francisco  Auxiliary $14,802.00 

Other  County  Auxiliaries 16,940.00 

Permanent  and  Annual  198.00        31,940.00 

Pin  Sales: 

Membership  pins $  7,008.00 

Less  cost 4,309.45          2,698.55 

Directors'  pins   $     205.00 

Less  cost    184.50  20.50 

Contributions : 

Individuals $  2,284.50 

County  Auxiliaries  1,146.75  3,431.25 

Tea  Room: 

Gross  receipts $51,623.05 

Less  operating  expenses  40,772.29         10,850.76 

"Dansant"  Tea  Service: 

Gross  receipts $15,321.05 

Less  expenses 7,661.56          7,659.49 

Check  Rooms 735.40 

"Dansant"  November  21,  1914  (Dedication  of  California  Build- 
ing): 

Gross  receipts $  4,619.00 

Less  expenses   2,951.55  1,667.45 

Received    from    Women's    Panama-Pacific    International    Expo- 
sition Association 217.00 

Interest  on  bank  accounts 867.61 

Miscellaneous 475.98 

Furniture  sales  1,375.20 

Season  tickets   35,760.00 

TOTAL  RECEIPTS  $116,909.19 


[182] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

TREASURER'S  STATEMENT 

From  date  of  Organization  to  December  7,  1915 

DISBURSEMENTS 

Legal  expenses  $        196.47 

Expenses  at  2364  Pacific  Avenue 357.11 

Rent  of  offices  in  Boyd  Building,  Pine  and  Battery  Streets,   33 

months 2,987.50 

Postage 223.88 

Stationery  and  office  supplies  1,939.40 

Salaries  of  employees   10,321.15 

California  Host  Building  expenses 3,081.89 

Insurance  premiums    418.30 

"Revolving  Funds"  524.00 

Expenses  of  County  Auxiliaries 90.23 

Entertainment  Account: 

Disbursements $18,203.51 

Less  collections 7,583.25  10,620.26 

Welfare  work,  payments  to  Y.  W.  C.  A 372.14 

Contributions  to  Travelers'  Aid  Society 6,000.00 

Advance  payment  to  Blair-Murdock  Company,  account  publication 

of  "Problems  Women  Solved" 1,000.00 

Miscellaneous 1,055.52 

Furnishings  and  equipment  for  California  Host  Building,  Tea 

Room  and  Auxiliary  Rest  Room 28,538.91 

Season  tickets 35,760.00 

TOTAL  DISBURSEMENTS  $103,486.76 

BALANCE,  cash  on  hand,  December  7,  1915 13,422.43 

$116,909.19 


[183] 


CHAPTER  XII 

An  Official  Survey 

JL  HE  Woman's  Board  was  interested  in  the  great 
humanitarian  principles  exhibited  by  the  Department 
of  Social  Economy.  The  Department  was  likewise 
interested  in  the  successful  application  of  these  prin- 
ciples to  the  management  of  the  departments  conducted 
by  the  Woman's  Board.  Added  to  this  fact,  I  had  the 
privilege  of  knowing  their  aims,  observing  their  meth- 
ods and  seeing  the  results  of  their  work.  It  measured 
up  to  the  best  standards.  There  was  no  preferment  for 
individuals;  the  well-being  of  all  was  the  dominating 
motive  in  every  activity. 

Despite  the  fact  that  San  Francisco  had  recently 
been  rebuilt  at  a  cost  of  $300,000,000  and  more,  that 
$7,500,000  had  been  subscribed  by  its  citizens  for  the 
Exposition,  that  the  municipality  and  the  State  had  each 
voted  $5,000,000  to  the  cause,  that  many  citizens  were 
embarrassed  financially  by  the  Mexican  war  situation, 
the  members  of  the  Woman's  Board,  quite  undaunted, 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

faced  the  situation  and  raised  funds  sufficient  to  carry 
out  their  plans,  exercising  always  the  greatest  efficiency 
and  economy.  They  issued  stock,  which  was  practic- 
ally a  receipt  for  contributions.  They  organized  the 
women  of  California  into  a  great  Auxiliary  body,  a  pro- 
ceeding as  stupendous  as  it  was  unique.  They  secured  a 
regular  income  from  their  luncheon  and  tea  room  ser- 
vice, and  the  members  personally  made  generous  con- 
tributions. 

Against  this  income  of  approximately  $82,000,  the 
Woman's  Board  shows  a  large  amount  spent  for  official 
entertaining,  but  of  it  considerable  was  expended  for 
luncheons  which  were  given  to  the  aged,  the  infirm, 
the  children  of  the  poor,  to  several  thousand  charges  of 
the  Associated  Charities,  the  Catholic  Humane  Society 
and  the  Hebrew  Benevolent  Association.  A  minimum 
was  spent  in  administration  expenses,  a  sum  was  given 
to  the  Young  Women's  Christian  Association  for  pre- 
Exposition  Travelers'  Aid  work,  and  practically  all 
the  remainder  went  or  is  going  to  the  protective  (not 
reformation)  work  of  the  Travelers'  Aid  Society  of 
California. 

The  organization  of  this  non-sectarian  Travelers'  Aid 
by  the  Woman's  Board,  I  consider  its  greatest  accom- 
plishment, assisting  as  it  did  136,491  visitors  while  they 
were  in  San  Francisco  for  the  Exposition.  The  women 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

of  California  have  established  a  remarkable  record  for 
protection.  Compared  with  the  disastrous  results  at 
the  Chicago  and  St.  Louis  expositions,  the  protective 
work  done  in  San  Francisco  shows  great  advance  in 
methods  and  is  a  worthy  standard  for  further  endeavor 
along  the  line  of  non-sectarian  co-operation.  As  against 
the  thousands  of  girls  reported  lost  at  both  of  the  other 
exposition  cities,  the  Chief  of  Police  of  San  Francisco 
states  that  in  1915  there  was  only  the  average  number 
of  runaways  and  they  were  all  located. 

Members  of  the  Woman's  Board  were  appointed  to 
assist  the  various  chiefs  of  departments.  One  of  the 
most  valuable  contributions  was  the  series  of  lecturettes 
written  by  Mrs.  Ernest  S.  Simpson  for  the  school  chil- 
dren. These  lecturettes  gave  a  general  outline  of  the 
Exposition,  its  organization  and  its  functions ;  a  descrip- 
tion of  the  architecture,  sculpture,  etc.,  and  of  the  ex- 
hibits being  organized  in  the  different  palaces.  These 
were  distributed  in  the  public  schools  of  the  Pacific 
Coast,  and  in  addition,  several  hundred  thousand  were 
sent  to  the  Middle  West  and  to  the  East.  In  fact,  the 
demand  could  hardly  be  supplied.  Mr.  John  Kelley, 
Exposition  publicity  manager  for  the  Atlantic  States, 
said  that  this  was  the  best  single  piece  of  pre-Exposi- 
tion  publicity. 

At  other  expositions  the  Boards  of  Lady  Managers 


LOOKING  FROM  THE  FOYER  TO  THE  RECEPTION  ROOM  OF  THE 

CALIFORNIA  HOST  BUILDING 
WHERE  THE  RARE  GOBELIN  TAPESTRIES  HUNG 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

contributed  little  to  actual  exposition  management.  In 
California,  the  status  of  the  women  was  quite  different. 
The  success  of  the  work  here  was  due  largely  to  the 
direction  and  assistance  given  by  the  Honorary  Presi- 
dent, Mrs.  Phoebe  A.  Hearst,  and  to  the  wise,  tactful 
and  untiring  efforts  of  the  active  president,  Mrs.  Fred- 
erick G.  Sanborn,  supported  by  the  earnest,  sincere  and 
hard-working  members  of  the  Board  and  to  the  efficient 
work  of  the  secretary,  Mrs.  Gaillard  Stoney.  No  paid 
employee  of  the  Exposition  would  put  in  longer  hours 
or  harder  work  than  Mrs.  Charles  W.  Slack  who  had 
full  charge  of  the  California  Host  Building. 

It  is  a  high  tribute  to  the  State  of  California  that  its 
best  women  should  come  forward  and  offer  their  un- 
tiring services  for  the  good  of  their  State  and  for  the 
good  of  every  other  State  and  the  Nation. 

ALVIN  E.  POPE, 
Chief  of  the  Departments  of 
Education  and  Social  Economy. 


[188] 


L 


CHAPTER  XIII 
In  Conclusion 


IOOKIXG  backward  over  the  never-to-be-forgotten 
Exposition  years  and  forward  into  the  time  when  the 
experience  of  the  Woman's  Board  may  be  of  value  to 
others  enlisted  for  a  similar  cause,  there  are  many 
reasons  for  reflection.  In  the  train  comes  something 
akin  to  peace  of  mind  for  the  successful  solving  of  many 
problems — not  the  complacency  that  means  inertia,  but 
the  kind  of  peace  that  gives  women  who  participated  in 
this  work  a  realization  of  their  ability  to  bear  their  part 
of  any  great  responsibility. 

It  is  significant  of  the  thought  and  caution  with  which 
the  women  of  the  Board  proceeded  that  they  fulfilled 
every  promise  made  to  themselves  or  any  one  else.  Pam- 
phlets issued  in  the  first  days  stated  the  policy-  of  the 
Board  and  explained  all  the  plans  formulated  at  that 
time.  On  December  4,  1915,  when  all  who  loved  the 
Exposition  had  to  see  "the  lights  go  out  forever,"  one  of 
those  pamphlets  served  as  data  for  an  inquiry  from  an- 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

other  State  as  to  the  part  women  had  taken  in  the  great 
enterprise.  It  went  its  way  with  the  memorandum,  "All 
plans  matured." 

The  story  of  achievement  recorded  in  this  book  has 
not  been  told  in  a  boastful  spirit.  Quite  the  contrary. 
The  members  of  the  Board  view  the  years  thoughtfully. 
They  are  grateful  that  women,  newly  come  into  a  posi- 
tion of  responsibility,  are  able  to  give  a  satisfactory  ac- 
count of  their  stewardship.  They  know  the  value  of  the 
development  afforded  by  participation  in  so  interesting 
a  success.  They  realize  that  whatever  measure  of  ac- 
complishment was  theirs,  that  fidelity,  self-sacrifice  and 
industry  accompanied  them  all  the  way.  They  think  of 
the  stupendous  endeavor  that  went  into  the  making  and 
holding  of  the  Panama-Pacific  Exposition,  and  know 
that  their  contribution  was  but  one  unit  in  the  great  ag- 
gregation of  forces  and  thought  that  made  it  possible  to 
open  the  Dream  City  on  time,  finished  and  beautiful; 
to  conduct  it  without  untoward  accident  or  incident,  and 
to  close  it  in  good  faith  on  the  scheduled  day,  with  a  full 
acknowledgment  of  every  blessing  that  had  brooded 
over  the  years  and  with  a  layman's  blessing  that  was 
deeply  significant. 

Another  exposition  may  come.  To  the  women  who 
will  share  responsibility  with  the  men  of  that  time  and 
place,  the  Woman's  Board  of  this  time  and  place  be- 

[  190] 


PROBLEMS  WOMEN  SOLVED 

queaths  to  them  the  secret  of  whatever  success  they  have 
attained.  It  spells  co-operation,  faith,  work. 

To  these  women  of  the  future,  the  teller  of  this  story 
of  adequate  co-operation  wishes  for  them  a  directorate 
with  such  a  President  as  the  Hon.  Charles  C.  Moore,  a 
committee  for  consultation  composed  of  such  courteous 
gentlemen  as  Mr.  Reuben  Brooks  Hale,  Mr.  John  Brit- 
ton  and  Judge  Curtis  H.  Lindley,  a  Director-General  as 
wise  and  as  kind  as  Dr.  Frederick  J.  V.  Skiff,  a  Secre- 
tary as  untiring  and  engaging  as  Mrs.  Gaillard  Stoney,  a 
Treasurer  as  faithful  as  Mrs.  Philip  E.  Bowles,  a 
Chairman  on  Entertainment  as  proficient  and  gracious 
as  Miss  Laura  Livingston  McKinstry,  a  first  lady  of 
their  official  home  as  courteous  and  devoted  as  Mrs. 
Charles  W.  Slack,  and,  above  all,  a  President  like  Mrs. 
Frederick  G.  Sanborn,  who  never  lost  the  way  upon 
which  her  Board  traveled  in  the  best  of  fellowship,  and 
an  Honorary  President  like  Mrs.  Hearst,  who  eased  that 
road  at  every  turn  and  who  always  kept  the  light 
burning. 


[191] 


Portrait  Reproductions  Woman  s  Board  of 

the  Panama-Pacific  International  Exposition: 

DireEtorS)  Honorary  Vice-Presidents 

Honorary  Members  and  County 

Auxiliary  Officials 


MRS.  PHOEBE  APPERSON  HEARST 
Honorary  President 


MRS.  FREDERICK  G.  SANBORN 
President 


MRS.  LOVELL  WHITE 
First  Vice-President 


MRS.  I.  LOWENBERG 

Second  Vice-President 


MRS.  WILLIAM  HINCKLEY  TAYLOR 
Third  Vice-President 


MRS.  JOHN  F.  MERRILL 
Fourth  Vice-President 


MRS.  FRANK  L.  BROWN 
Fifth  Vice-President 


IRS.  JbRNEsx  o.  SIMPSON 
Sixth  yice-President 
Assistant  Division  of  Exploitation 


MRS.  GAILLARD  STONEY 
Secretary 


MRS.  .PHILIP  E. 
Treasurer 


MRS.  EDWIN  R.  DIMOND 
Assistant  Treasurer 


MRS.  CHARLES 

Auditor 


I 


MRS.  EDSON  FRANCIS  ADAMS 
Director 


MRS.  FRANK  B.  ANDERSON 
Director 


DR.  MARIANA  BERTOLA 
Director 


MRS.  FRANCIS  CAROLAN 

Director 
Assistant  Department  of  Fine  Arts 


MRS.  AYLETT  R.  COTTON 
Director 


MRS.  JOSEPH  A.  DONOHOE 
Director 


MRS.  JOSEPH  D.  GRANT 
Director 


Director 


MRS.  REUBEN  BROOKS  HALE 
Director 


MRS.  I.  W.  HELLMAN,  JR. 
Director 


MRS.  C.  EDWARD  HOLMES 
Director 


MRS.  JOHN  JOHNS 
Director 


MRS.  ABBIE  E.  KREBS 
Director 


MRS.  JESSE  W.  LILIENTHAL 
Director 


Miss  LAURA  LIVINGSTON  MCKINSTRY 
Director 


MRS.  ROBERT  OXNARD 
Director 


MRS.  HORACE  D.  PILLSBURY 
Director 


MRS.  GEORGE  A.  POPE 
Director 


MRS.  HENRY  T.  SCOTT 
Director 


MRS.  LAURANCE  IRVING  SCOTT 
Director 


MRS.  WILLIAM  T.  SESNON 
Director 


MRS.  MAX  C.  SLOSS 
Director 


MRS.  WILLIAM  S.  TEVIS 
Director 


MRS.  EDWARD  C.  WRIGHT 
Director 


MRS.  JOHN  F.  SWIFT 
Honorary  Vice-President 


MRS.  JOHN  BIDWELL 
Honorary  Vice-President 


MRS.  MARY  E.  BUCKNALL 
Honorary  Vice-President 


MRS.  WILLIAM  H.  CROCKER 
Honorary  Vice-President 


MRS.  EMMA  SHAFTER  HOWARD 
Honorary  Vice-President 


MRS.  CHARLES  B.  ALEXANDER 
Honorary  Vice-President 


MRS.  IRVING  M.  SCOTT 
Honorary  Vice-President 


MRS.  Louis  SLOSS 
Honorary  Vice-President 


MRS.  LEWIS  W.  MOORE 
Honorary  Vice-President 


MRS.  ALONZO  E.  HORTON 
Honorary  Vice-President 


MRS.  ELLEN  M.  TRACY 
Honorary  Vice-President 


MRS.  G.  D.  STEVENS 
Honorary  Vice-President 


MRS.  JAMES  ROLPH,  JR. 
Honorary  Member 


MRS.  FRANKLIN  K.  LANE 
Honorary  Member 


MRS.  MARION  DE  VRIES 
Honorary  Member 


MRS.  JACOB  SLOAT  FASSETT 
Honorary  Member 


MRS.  JOSEPH  RUSSELL  KNOWLAND 
Honorary  Member 


MRS.  A.  J.  WALLACE 
Honorary  Member 


MRS.  F.  M.  ANGELLOTTI 
Honorary  Member 


MRS.  ALEXANDER  RUSSELL 
Associate  Director 

MARY  AUSTIN 
Associate  Director 


MRS.  CHARLES  S.  STANTON 
Associate  Director 

MRS.  GEORGE  HOUGH  PERRY 
Associate  Director 


MRS.  JOHN  FLOURNOY 
Associate  Director 

MRS.  MINNIE  SABIN  COOPER 
Associate  Director 


MRS.  EDGAR  J.  DE  PUE 
Yolo  County  Chairman 

MRS.  GEORGE  B.  SPERRY 
Associate  Director 


MRS.  JENNIE  C.  MACE 
Madera  Honorary  Vice-President 

MRS.  ADALINE  MILLS  EASTON 
San  Mateo  Honorary  Vice-President 

MRS.  R.  C.  DORRIS 
Modoc  Honorary  Vice-President 


MRS.  ELLEN  W.  STEEL  STURGES 

San  Bernardino 
Honorary  Vice-President 

MRS.  ELIZABETH  LOWE  WATSON 
Santa  Clara  Honorary  Vice-President 

MRS.  GEORGE  FOSTER  JONES 
Butte  Honorary  Vice-President 


MRS.  JULIA  A.  FINK  SMITH 
Fresno  Honorary  Vice-President 

MRS.  CHARLES  MCCREARY 
Sacramento  Honorary  Vice-President 


MRS.  SARAH  DUNLAP 
Placer  Honorary  Vice-President 

MRS.  EMMA  HAPGOOD 
Yuba  Honorary  Vice-President 


MRS.  L.  F.  DARLING 
Riverside  Honorary  Vice-President 

MRS.  C.  C.  BUSH 
Shasta  Honorary  Vice-President 


MRS.  JULIA  PATTERSON  CHURCHILL 
Siskiyou  Honorary  Vice-President 

MRS.  CHARLES  LEE  LEONARD 
Glenn  Honorary  Vice-President 


MRS.  WILLIAM  H.  LANCDON 
Stanislaus  Honorary  Vice-President 

MRS.  AUGUSTUS  J.  FAIRBANKS 
Mendocino  Honorary  Vice-President 


MRS.  HARRIET  KIMBALL  KING 
Tehama  Honorary  Vice-President 

MRS.  GERTRUDE  M.  FREEMAN 
Yolo  Honorary  Vice-President 


MRS.  VIOLA  ROSEBERRY 
Lassen  Honorary  Vice-President 

MRS.  THOMAS  BLOODGOOD  DIBBLEE 
Santa  Barbara  Honorary  Vice-President 


MRS.  DANIEL  HAIGHT 
Del  Norte  Honorary  Vice-President 

MRS.  C.  A.  CLARKE 
Ventura  Honorary  Vice-President 


MRS.  MARK  L.  MCDONALD 
Sonoma  Honorary  Vice-President 

MRS.  ELLEN  G.  MANSFIELD 
Napa  Honorary  Vice-President 


MRS.  C.  W.  McKEE 
San  Diego  Commissioner 

MRS.  M.  E.  TOWER 
Calaveras  Honorary  Vice-President 


MRS.  S.  W.  WESTFALL 
Madera  Honorary  Member 


MRS.  CHARLES  REES  LLOYD 

Alameda  Honorary  Member 

Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  EDNA  R.  WINN 
Tuolumne  County  Chairman 

Honorary  Vice-President 

MRS.  M.  E.  TUTTLE  MRS.  ROBERT  HARKINSON 

Santa  Cruz  Honorary  Member  Contra  Costa  Honorary  Member 


MRS.  ELLA  ROBERTS  UUNBAR  MRS.  NATHAN  BLANCHARD 

Calaveras  Honorary  Member  Ventura  Honorary  Member 

MRS.  EMILY  S.  KARNS 

Santa  Clara  Vice-Chairman 

Honorary  Member 

MRS.  GEORGE  CARLOS  Ross  MRS.  E.  P.  FOSTER 

San  Mateo  Honorary  Member  Ventura  Honorary  Member 


MRS.  Louis  TARKE  MRS.  T.  A.  TEMPLETON 

Sutter  Honorary  Member  Mendocino  Honorary  Member 

MRS.  CHARLES  ROBERT  BOYD 
Sutter  Honorary  Member 

MRS.  R.  P.  LATHROP  MRS.  GEORGE  STEPHENS 

San  Benito  Honorary  Member  Yolo  Honorary  Member 


MRS.  GEORGE  C.  ROEDING        MRS.  DAVID  POWELL  MRS.  E.  W.  BILLED 

Fresno  Honorary  Member    Yuba  Honorary  Member     Mono  Honorary  Member 

MISS  MOLLIE  E.  CONNF.RS 

Alameda  Honorary  Member 

MRS.  S.  S.  MOSER  MRS.  H.  M.  GILCHRIST 

Calaveras  Honorary  Member  Madera  Honorary  Member 


MRS.  E.  C.  STERLING  MRS.  ROBERT  T.  DEVLIN 

San  Bernardino  Honorary  Vice-President     Sacramento  County  Vice-Chairman 


MRS.  ISAAC  L.  REQUA 
Honorary  Vice-President  Alameda  County 


MRS.  CHARLES  A.  CAMPBELL 
Tehama  Honorary  Member 


MRS.  W.  A.  HAMILTON 
Del  Norte  Honorary  Member 


MRS.  JOSIE  P.  HILL 
Sonoma  Honorary  Member 


MRS.  TIMOTHY  GUY  PHELPS 
San  Mateo  Honorary  Member 


MRS.  JULIA  LITSCH 
Shasta  Honorary  Member 


MRS.  HELEN  L.  DAVENPORT 

Tuolumne  Honorary  Member 

Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  WILLIAM  EDDY 
Santa  Barbara  Honorary  Member 


MRS.  HARRIET  HAILE  GRAY 
Yuba  Honorary  Member 


MRS.  JOHN  F.  WASHBURN 
Mariposa  Honorary  Member 


MRS.  H.  C.  CHAMBERLAIN 
Plumas  Honorary  Member 


MRS.  ELLA  HALLINAN  BOLTON 
Mariposa  Honorary  Member 


MRS.  G.  M.  FRANCIS 
Napa  Honorary  Member 


MRS.  GENEVA  CAHLAN  BROWNE 
Lassen  Honorary  Member 


MRS.  EDWARD  BALLARD 
San  Luis  Obispo  Honorary  Member 


MRS.  WILLIAM  STEWART  BOGGS 
San  Bernardino  Honorary  Member 


MRS.  ROSA  SPARKS  PORTER  MRS.  W.  A.  AVEY 

San  Luis  Obispo  Honorary  Member  Riverside  Honorary  Member 

MRS.  ANNIE  BARTON  BRIGGS 
San  Benito  Honorary  Member 

MRS.  C.  C.  WYMORE  MRS.  R.  G.  DEAN 

Sonoma  Honorary  Member  Contra  Costa  Honorary  Member 


MRS.  LAURA  E.  SHIPMAN  MRS.  L.  C.  HALL 

Del  Norte  Honorary  Member  Inyo  Vice-County  Chairman 

MRS.  WILEY  S.  WEAVER 
Imperial  Sub-Chairman  and  Honorary  Vice-President 

MRS.  CHARLES  C.  RUEGER 
Solano  Vice-County  Chairman 

MRS.  BAYLISS  C.  CLARK  MRS.  LEWIS  RISDON  MEAD 

Amador  County  Chairman  Contra  Costa  County  Chairman 

MRS.  F.  W.  WEBSTER 
Kern  Honorary  Member 


MRS.  MARGARET  GROTE  HILL 
San  Francisco  Sub-Chairman 

MRS.  FRANK  LEWIS 
Santa  Cruz  Honorary  Vice-President 


MRS.  HARRIS  WEINSTOCK 
San  Francisco  Sub-Chairman 

MRS.  WILLIAM  ELLERY  BRIGGS 
Sacramento  County  Chairman 


MRS.  FLORENCE  L.  ALBERT 
Colusa  Honorary  Vice-President 

MRS.  F.  O.  NELSON 
San  Francisco  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  MINNIE  PIMENTEL 
Mono  County  Honorary  Member 

MRS.  JOHN  FIFE 
Tehama  County  Chairman 


MRS.  CHARLES  A.  HARE  MRS.  PERCY  KING 

Kern  County  Chairman  •  Napa  County  Chairman 

MRS.  A.  J.  SlNSHEIMER 

San  Luis  Obispo  County  Chairman 

MRS.  JAMES  S.  SWEET  MARY  RYERSON  BUTIN,  M.  D. 

Sonoma  County  Chairman  Madera  County  Chairman 


MRS.  A.  F.  JONES 
Butte  County  Chairman 

MRS.  J.  J.  TRABUCCO 
Mariposa  County  Chairman 


MRS.  D.  G.  ROBERTS 
San  Bernardino  County  Chairman 

MRS.  A.  P.  BLACK 
San  Francisco  County  Chairman 


MRS.  E.  C.  DOZIER  MRS.  F.  C.  MARTIN 

btamslaus  County  Chairman  Riverside  County  Chairman 

MRS.  A.  J.  MONROE 
Humboldt  County  Chairman 

MRS.  L.  B.  HOGUE  MRS.  JAY  ORLEY  HAYES 

Ventura  County  Chairman  Santa  Clara  County  Chairman 


Miss  TILLIE  NAOMI  KRUGER  MRS.  CHARLOTTE  C.  CAHLAN 

Plumas  County  Chairman  Lassen  County  Chairman 

MRS.  HENRY  GOOSEN 
Solano  County  Chairman 

MRS.  A.  C.  POSEY  MRS.  Louis  ALLEN 

Alameda  County  Chairman  Kings  County  Chairman 


MRS.  E.  M.  FINE  Miss  BEATRICE  HOLBROOK 

Del  Norte  County  Chairman  Siskiyou  County  Chairman 

MRS.  HARRY  W.  DYRE 
Orange  County  Chairman 

MRS.  F.  W.  SWANTON  MRS.  W.  S.  GETCHELL 

Santa  Cruz  County  Chairman  Calaveras  County  Chairman 


MRS.  THOMAS  DOND 
Monterey  County  Chairman 


DR.  IDA  LATHROP  MALPAS 
Mendocino  County  Chairman 


MRS.  EDWARD  BABSON  STANWOOD 
Yuba  County  Chairman 


MRS.  G.  P.  DOYLE 
Inyo  County  Chairman 


MRS.  W.  F.  ENGLEBRIGHT 
Nevada  County  Chairman 


MRS.  C.  E.  GRUNSKY 
San  Francisco  Sub-Chairman 

Miss  JENNIE  PARTRIDGE 
San  Francisco  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  HAROLD  L.  SEAGER 
San  Francisco  Sub-Chairman 

MRS.  EDWIN  J.  HANSON 
San  Francisco  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  HENRY  HILP 
San  Francisco  Sub-Chairman 

MRS.  MARK  NEWMAN 
San  Francisco  Sub-Chairman 


Miss  ADA  GOLDSMITH 
San  Francisco  Sub-Chairman 

Miss  MYRA  JEFFERS 
San  Francisco  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  S.  L.  STRICKLAND 
San  Francisco  Sub-Chairman 

MRS.  J.  S.  A.  MACDONALD 
San  Francisco  Sub-Chairman 


Miss  LUTIE  GOLDSTEIN 
San  Francisco  Sub-Chairman 

MRS.  F.  FEHLEISEN 
San  Francisco  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  J.  M.  MCLAUGHLIN 
Del  Norte  Vice-County  Chairman 


MRS.  HENRY  HEILBRON 
Sacramento  Vice-County  Chairman 


MRS.  BENJAMIN  BROOKS 
San  Luis  Obispo  Vice-County  Chairman 


MRS.  GEORGE  D.  MURRAY 
Humboldt  Vice-County  Chairman 


MRS.  C.  H.  WALSH 
Placer  Vice-County  Chairman 


MRS.  EMERY  T.  ERB 
Monterey  Vice-County  Chairman 


MRS.  C.  R.  STIBBEM 
Riverside  Vice-County  Chairman 


MRS.  GEORGE  W.  COLE 
San  Benito  Vice-County  Chairman 


MRS.  FLORENCE  COLLINS  PORTER 
Los  Angeles  Vice-County  Chairman 


MRS.  E.  WILDER  CHURCHILL 
Napa  Vice-County  Chairman 


MRS.  EDWIN  D.  Buss 
Kern  Honorary  Vice-President 

MRS.  ROBERT  I.  BENTLEY 
San  Francisco  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  W.  R.  PARNELL 
San  Francisco  Sub-Chairman 

DR.  MARY  RITTER 
San  Diego  County  Chairman 


MRS.  E.  W.  BLACK 
San  Luis  Obispo  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  HENRY  WETHERBEE 
Alameda  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  E.  A.  ROBERTS 
Monterey  Sub-Chairman 

MRS.  LACY  PRICE  TAYLOR  MRS.  A.  B.  ARMSTRONG 

Fresno  Sub-Chairman  Fresno  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  FRANCISCA  DIBBLEE  SUMMERS 
San  Luis  Obispo  Treasurer 


MRS.  GEORGE  R.  WILLIAMS 
Alameda  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  J.  R.  SCUPHAM 
Alameda  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  JOHN  RINNER 
Sonoma  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  GEORGE  W.  WILLIAMS 
Plumboldt  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  GUY  W.  YOUNG 
Napa  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  WM.  WALLACE  CAMPBELL 
Santa  Clara  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  ELLEN  CHYNOWETH  LYON 

Santa  Clara  Sub-Chairman 

Honorary  Member 


MRS.  WILBERT  W.  STEWART 
Riverside  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  M.  J.  SINGLE 
San  Joaquin  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  ROBERT  F.  GARNER 
Hostess  San  Bernardino  County 


MRS.  CAROLYN  E.  ATHERTON 
Marin  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  RAGLAN  TUTTLE 

Placer  Sub-Chairman 

Secretary  Placer  Auxiliary 

MRS.  JOHN  HANIFY  Miss  ROSALINE  A.  KEEP 

Marin  Sub-Chairman  Alameda  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  J.  E.  WHITSON 
Fresno  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  MARY  H.  JAMES 
Placer  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  JOHN  FARNHAM 
San  Mateo  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  CARRIE  B.  BADGLEY 
Tuolumne  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  CLARENCE  PFITZER 
Merced  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  MILTON  PRAY 
San  Mateo  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  M.  K.  SMALL 
Tulare  County  Chairman 

MRS.  A.  R.  NICHOLSON 
Fresno  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  MARTHA  HARRIET  GRUGG 
Monterey  Sub-Chairman 


Miss  CARRIE  GARSEY 
Mendocino  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  AMOS  WALLACE  EVANS  MRS.  B.  F.  GRIFFIN 

Alameda  Sub-Chairman  Solano  Sub-Chairman 

MRS.  HERBERT  WILLIAMSON 
San  Joaquin  Sub-Chairman 

MRS.  SOFIE  PATTON  DURST  MRS.  C.  A.  MILLER 

Santa  Clara  Sub-Chairman  Merced  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  S.  K.  SPEARS 
Merced  Sub-Chairman 

MRS.  L.  CURRAN  CLARK 
San  Mateo  Sub-Chairman 

MRS.  H.  E.  BUTLER 
Placer  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  J.  A.  PARK 
Alameda  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  G.  H.  AIKEN 
Fresno  Sub-Chairman 


Miss  ALICE  CORCORAN 
Mariposa  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  R.  G.  BROWN  MRS.  CLARENCE  WHITE 

Tulare  Sub-Chairman  Riverside  Sub-Chairman 

MRS.  AMANDA  M.  MILLER 
Santa  Clara  Sub-Chairman 

MRS.  CHARLOTTE  S.  DIGGLES  MRS.  PETER  HAMILTON 

San  Mateo  Sub-Chairman  Mann  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  J.  W.  SCHMITZ  MRS.  HENRY  C.  MELONE 

Madera  Sub-Chairman  Napa  Sub-Chairman 

MRS.  GEORGE  H.  TAYLOR 
Hostess  San  Joaquin  County  Exhibit 

MRS.  F.  A.  STEIGER  MRS.  JESSIE  FRANCIS  FERREL 

Solano  Sub-Chairman  Merced  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  JOHN  H.  CONNERY 
Sutter  Sub-Chairman 


RS.  A.  <J.  (JHRISTENSEN 

Alameda  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  BRADFORD  WOODRIDGE 
Placer  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  LUCIEN  L.  LANGWORTHY 
Alameda  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  CARL  RENZ 
Marin  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  G.  W.  HARRISON 
Alameda  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  GEORGE  R.  GIVENS 
Mariposa  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  F.  W.  PARRISH 
Merced  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  HUGH  HOGAN 
Alameda  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  M.  OLCESE 
Mariposa  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  MAE  M.  WHITMAN 
Santa  Clara  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  A.  L.  BRYAN 
Napa  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  JEANETTE  M.  BROCK 
Yuba  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  CHARLES  J.  WATERHOUSE 
Alameda  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  GEORGE  MERRITT 
San  Luis  Obispo  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  H.  J.  SHUTE 
Yolo  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  ETTA  WARING 
Santa  Clara  Sub-Chairman 

MRS.  WALTER  FIELD 
Santa  Clara  Sub-Chairman 

MRS.  W.  V.  GRIMES  MRS.  ROBERT  B.  DONNELL 

Monterey  Sub-Chairman  Fresno  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  CHARLES  S.  CHAMBERLAIN 
Alameda  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  EMMA  ABBOTT  SIMON 
Stanislaus  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  BEACH  CARTER  SOULE 
Alameda  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  L.  L.  M.  COY 
Tehama  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  W.  H.  TYSON 
Alameda  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  ELIZA  J.  SOUTH  FARRELL  MRS.  F.  A.  ZIMMERMAN 

Santa  Clara  Sub-Chairman  Monterey  Sub-Chairman 

MRS.  L.  J.  EVANS 
Napa  Sub-Chairman 

MRS.  ROMIE  BURNETT  HUTCHISON  MRS.  EDWARD  DICE 

San  Mateo  Sub-Chairman  Fresno  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  SUSMAN  MITCHELL 
Tulare  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  MARY  B.  WILLIAMS 
Sonoma  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  J.  C.  PERRY 
Marin  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  P.  W.  JUDKINS 
Mariposa  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  W.  M.  BRICE 
Mariposa  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  J.  L.  FULLER 
Alameda  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  OLIVE  BEDFORD  MATTOCK 
Teharna  Sub-Chairman 

MRS.  PAUL  A.  BRIZARD 
Humboldt  Sub-Chairman 

MRS  LOUISE  CONNER  MRS.  JAMES  J.  WRIGHT 

Stanislaus  Sub-Chairman  Amador  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  W.  MONTGOMERY 
San  Joaquin  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  W.  B.  PHILLIPS 
Tulare  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  ANDREW  B.  EADIE 
Riverside  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  BONUS  LIGHTNER 
Sacramento  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  META  C.  HANEN 
Mendocino  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  W.  H.  BARRON 
Tuolumne  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  W.  R.  MCMILLAN 
Humboldt  Sub-Chairman 

MRS.  FREDERICK  G.  HARRISON 
Alameda  Sub-Chairman 

p,?^RcGl^;  H.AMILTON  MRS.  A.  D.  MCLEAN 

Placer  Sub-Chairman  Tulare  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  CHARLES  SHEPARD  GRAHAM 
Alaraeda  Sub-Chairman 

MRS.  M.  J.  CALLAGHAN 
Alameda  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  RALPH  HATHERLY  BUTLER 
Fresno  Sub-Chairman 

MRS.  E.  P.  JACOBS 
Sutter  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  FRED  R.  FAIRCHILD 
Secretary  Yolo  County  Auxiliary 

Miss  HELEN  JONES 
Sonoma  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  LENA  SORACCO 
Secretary  Amador  County  Auxiliary 

MRS.  DUDLEY  KINSELL 
Alameda  Sub-Chairman 


MRS.  PUTNAM  GRISWOLD 
Hostess-in-Charge  California  Host  Building 


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